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被动语态在科技英语论文的应用(1)


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• 被动语态可以实现必要的分类别、比较、 对照和描述等这样,对科学概念的阐释或 者程序的说明便会显得更加准确、正式和 客观
• 被动语态通过对句子成分的前置或者后 置,实现了对主位的选择,从而形成了 英语科技语篇所特有的主位推进模式。 在构建英语科技语篇过程中,被动语态 不仅具有语篇功能,而且同时具有概念 功能和人际功能
… may be explained by …
… originate in …
… (to be) discussed in terms of …
总结
• 从上述分析得出,由于被动和主动有紧密 的句法关系,所以被动语态在语篇主位的 选择上起着重要的作用,被动语态的显著 功能有助于EST语篇中主位的衔接。理解和 掌握被动语态在EST语篇中的应用,有助于 科技论文写作作者写出符合国际标准的论 文,对于读者来说也能更好的理解文章内 容,提高他们的阅读科技论文的兴趣。
with … … (to be) closely analogous to … … (to be) similar to … Good agreement (to be) found between … … (to be) contrary to …
… (to be) in contrast with …
表示实验要点的句式:
(to be) prepared by the reaction of … with …;synthesized via reacting; obtained via condensation;by means of;by using;by the use of;using … as … over a wide range of …;over a broad composition range;over most of the range of …;over the entire … range covered the ranges from … to …;in the range of …;in the temperature range from … to …;with a variety of … contents containing … percent or more …;in the; presence of …;in the absence of …
(不)相符的表示方法 … (to be) in good agreement with … (to be) found to agree well with … … (to be) consistent with … … (to be) essentially identical with … … (to be) found to coincide essentially
• 英文摘要的写作经常使用被动语态,主要 是为了突出行为的对象,因为被叙述的对 象大多数是物而不是发出动作的人。另外, 为了避免使用第一人称,或避免突出作者 本人,常采用被动语态。
例如:
In this paper,···isdiscussed/studied/snalyzed 本文对···进行了讨论、研究、分析
• 例如: • Each terminal is packaged in an individual
carton for protection during shipment. • 每台终端在装运时均包装在单个的防护纸箱里。 • The keys of the keyboard can be divided into
表示具有某种影响,以及数量的依赖、增减关系的 句式:
… 与 … 有关
… (to be)correlated with …;associated with …;related to …;dependent upon …; independent of …;in relation to …;in a linear relationship with …;proportional to …;inversely proportional to …;… depends on …;The dependence of … on …;… increase with the increase of …;… decrease with the increase of …
被动语态在科技英语论文中的 应用
1.被动语态的作用
2.被动语态的特点
3.常用句型,短语
4.总结
电气0901 刘杰 吴晓松
电气0902 姜春辉 刘宇
蒋继荣
被动语态的特点
• 科技英语中,被动句用的较多,这是由 被动句的特点决定的。首先,被动句主 观色彩少,更富于客观性,很适合描述 客观事物;其次,被动句体现了一个 “先入为主”的原则,从而使被说明的 对象能引人们的注意;再次,是因为其 结构简洁,便于表达。
It was shown that …;It can be seen that …;It was found that …;It was discovered that …;It was concluded that …;It has been demonstrated that …; It was clarified that …;It was revealed that …;It is considered that …;It was confirmed that …;It is suggested that …; It was supposed that … It has become apparent that …
表示结果解释、结论的句式
… (to be) due to
due to
… (to be) attributed to …
(may be)
… (to be) assigned to …
… (to be) interpreted on the basis of …
… can be caused by …
表示主要结论的句式:
用That 从句表示实验结果 The results indicated that …;The results show that …;The results demonstrated that …;The results reveal that …
由It 引起的that 从句
被动语态的作用
• 被动语态可通过将受事移至主语位置, 来影响信息分布将预设变成断言、断言 变成预设在这过程中,被动语态可以起 到凸显话题、强调焦点,以及构建 It+be+v-ed+thatclause强调句型的作用。
• 被动语态可以使发话者有效地操控主位 选择,也就是说,被动语态通过将某一 成分移至主位位置,从而实现连接主位、 引入主位、保持主位和转换主位的功能。 被动语态增强了语篇的衔接,促进了语 篇的连贯 。
科技英语论文中常用被动句式
表示研究范围的句式:
(to be)carried out;performed;made; conducted;studied;investigated; described;deal with;elucidated;given; presented;developed;employed;demonitored; determined;measured;observed;recorded; examined;characterized;identified; tested;calculated;proposed;used to study;used;to establish;evaluated; discussed
three funtion groups. • 键盘的键可以划分为三个功能组。 • The serial number and model number of both
the keyboard and display module are located on the buttom outside cover of each component. • 键盘和显示器的序号及型号位于每一部件的底部 外壳上。
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