组织学与胚胎学实验报告专业________临床______________班级________ ________________姓名____________ _______________学号_________________电子信箱__ ______完成日期________________实验一 假复层纤毛柱状上皮报告主题:假复层纤毛柱状上皮 主题属性:指定 标本号:27# 材料:豚鼠气管切片 染色:HE 染色教学要求:掌握假复层纤毛柱状上皮的侧面形态结构。
图1 假复层纤毛柱状上皮 (豚鼠气管切片,HE 染色,40×10)Figure1 Pseudostratified epithelium (Guinea pig tracheal section ,HE staned ,40×10)假复层纤毛柱状上皮由一层棱柱状细胞构成,垂直切面观,细胞呈柱状,核椭圆,靠近细胞基底部。
上皮细胞的游离面有排列整齐的浅红色丝状物,即纤毛。
在柱状细胞之间常夹有杯状细胞。
基膜染淡红色,清晰可见。
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium is composed by a layer of prismatic cells of vertical section view, the cells are columnar; nuclear is ellipse, closed to the cell base department. The epithelial cells of the free surface have aligned pale red filament.there are goblet cells between columnar cells . Basement membrane is dyed into damask, visible clearly.纤毛(cilium )杯状细胞(goblet cell )基膜(besement membrane )实验二 骨单位报告主题:骨单位 主题属性:指定 标本号:6# 材料:脱钙人骨切片 染色:Schmorl 氏法染色 教学要求:掌握骨组织的结构图2 骨单位 (脱钙人骨切片,Schmorl 氏法染色,40×10)Figure 2 Osteon (Decalcified bone section ,Schmorl stained ,40×10)标本中有许多骨单位,其中央为圆形的中央管,多层骨板围绕中央管呈同心圆排列。
在骨单位之间有一些不规则排列的间骨板。
There are many specimens bone unit, its centre is a round central tube, multilayer osteone around the central tube is concentric arrangement. There are irrigullar arr engment interstitial lamella in the osteon.中央管(central canal )间骨板(interstitial lamella ) 骨单位骨板(osteon lamella )实验三 心肌报告主题:心肌 主题属性:指定 标本号:12# 材料:人心肌切片 染色:HE 染色教学要求:观察人心肌的结构特点,掌握其判断依据。
图3 心肌纤维 (人心肌切片 HE 染色 40×10)Figure 3 Cardiac muscle (The section of cardiac muscle, HE stained, 40×10)心肌纤维走向无一定规则,互相平行排列,但有分叉,彼此吻合成网,有横纹但不明显,细胞核单个,卵圆形,位于中央。
心肌纤维端端连接处常可见深染的带状结构,是为闰盘,是心肌纤维的特有结构。
The arrengment of myocardial fibers is irregular.Myocardial fibers are parallelarrangement, but have bifurcates,connected with each other into network.There are not obvious horizontal stripes. a single nucleus, ovoid, located in the central. There is a visible hyperchromatic banded structure at the connection of end to end , which is intercalated disc ,a special structure of the myocardial fibers.闰盘(intercala ted disk )心肌纤维(cardiac muscle )实验四 多级神经元报告主题:多级神经元 主题属性:指定 标本号:9# 材料:小牛脊髓切片 染色:HE 染色教学要求:观察脊髓前角多极神经元的结构特点,掌握其判断依据。
图 4 多极神经元(小牛脊髓切片,HE 染色,40×10)Figure 4 Multipolar neuron (Dallas spinal nerve,HE stained ,40×10)多极神经元呈多角形、三角形或梭形等,突起从胞体出发,胞核大、圆、亮,核仁清楚。
胞体和突起中可见到许多紫蓝色的不规则的小斑块,即尼氏体,轴突与轴丘内无尼氏体。
Multipolar neuron is polygon, triangular or spindle. Flashes is set out from the cell body, Cell nuclear is big, round, bright, and nucleoli is clear. Cell and bumps can ben seen many purple blue patches, small and irregulararrengment, named Nissl body .Axon and shaft in the hill don’t have Nissl body.轴突(axon )胞体(soma )报告主题:空肠绒毛主题属性:指定标本号:19#材料:猫空肠横切片染色:HE染色教学要求:掌握空肠的结构特点与判断依据,特别注意肠绒毛和肠腺的结构。
小肠绒毛(intestinal villi)图5 空肠(猫空肠横切片,HE染色,40×10)Figure 5 Jejunum (The cat jejunum crosscut slice,HEstained,40×10)上皮和固有层共同向肠腔突出形成小肠绒毛,切成许多纵断面与横断面,绒毛的表面为单层柱状上皮,主要有柱状细胞及少量的杯状细胞,上皮游离面有染色较红的纹状缘,绒毛的中轴的固有层为细密结缔组织,其内常见散在纵行的平滑肌、丰富的毛细血管、中央乳糜管及大量淋巴细胞。
绒毛根部的上皮向固有层内下陷形成小肠腺。
报告主题:中等动脉 主题属性:指定 标本号:10# 材料:狗中等动脉 染色:HE 染色教学要求:掌握中等动脉的特点。
图6 中等动脉 (狗中等动脉切片,HE 染色,40×10)Figure 6 Medium-sized artery (The dog medium artery section,HE stained, 40×10)中等动脉分内、中、外三层膜,分别以内、外弹性膜为界。
内膜很薄,最内层为内皮,一般只见内皮细胞核扁,染色深,并突向管腔;内皮下层为极薄的结缔组织,因制片关系使内皮细胞核紧贴于内弹性膜,内皮下层很难看到。
内弹性膜的外侧为中膜,主要由数十层环行的平滑肌细胞构成。
外膜为疏松结缔组织。
Medium artery is divided into three layers, with the border of elastic membrane. tu nica intima is very thin, and the inner layer is endothelial, endothelial nuclei is fl at, dyed into deep, and processes to lumen; subendothelial layer is thin connective tissue ;there is tunica media In the outsid e of the elastic membrane.内弹性模(internal elastic membrane )外弹性膜(external elastic membrane ) 中膜(tunica media )外膜(tunica adventitia )实验七 淋巴结报告主题:淋巴结 主题属性:指定 标本号:13# 材料:狗淋巴结切片 染色:HE 染色教学要求:掌握淋巴结的结构特点及判断依据图7 淋巴结皮质(狗淋巴结切片,HE 染色,10×10)Figure 7 Lymphoid cortex (The dog lymph node section ,HE stained ,40×10)淋巴结皮质分浅层皮质,深皮质和皮质淋巴窦。
浅层皮质主要含有淋巴小结及薄层弥散淋巴组织,淋巴小结主要为B 细胞分布。
深皮质又称副皮质区,为较大片的弥散淋巴组织,主要由T 细胞聚集而成。
皮质淋巴窦位于被膜和小梁周围,分别被称被膜下窦和小梁周窦。
Lymph node cortex is divided into superfacial cortex , deep cortex and cortical sin us . superfacial cortex l mainly contain lymphoid nodule and thin diffuse lymphoid ti ssue , lymph nodule is mainly for the B cell distribution. Deep cortex is also name d vice cortex, is a large diffuse lymphoid tissue , mainly composed of T cell aggreg ates and become. Cortical lymphatic sinus, in the envelope and trabecular around, were named by subcapsular sinus andperitrabecular sinus .帽(cap )明区(light zone )暗区(dark zone ) 深皮质(deep cortex )被膜下窦(subcapsular sinus ) 明区(light zone )髓质(medulla )实验八 下颌下腺报告主题:下颌下腺 主题属性:指定 标本号:24#材料:人下颌下腺切片 染色:HE 染色教学要求:掌握下颌下腺的三种腺泡和导管的结构。