学习必备定语从句Part 1 定语从句定义及概述什么是定语从句？(1)定语从句：在复合句中作定语修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
(2)先行词：被定语从句修饰的词，叫做先行词。
(3)关系词：分为关系代词和关系副词，在从句中担当一定成分。
Eg.I will never forget the girl（先行词）that（关系词） I met yesterday in the street（定语从句） . ※定语从句两个必须 :★先行词在从句中必须作一个成分；★先行词所作的成分必须空缺。
Part 2 关系代词引导的定语从句项目关系词先行词所指关系词在从句中的作用关系词thatwhichwho关系代词whomwhoseas1.关系代词 that 的用法用法：既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时常_______。
1)This is the factory that produces cars.作(_____,指物 )2)The girl that spoke to me just now is my classmate.作( ______,指人 )3)The film (that) we saw yesterday is interesting. 作(______，指物 )※关系代词 that 的特权和禁区1.特权：行使特权的条件：（1）限定性定语从句（即从句前无逗号）；（2）介词没有提前。
2.禁区：有两种情况下，关系代词不会用that,指物时用 which；指人时用 who/whom。
（1）___________________（即从句前有逗号）；（2）_________提前时。
2.关系代词 which 的用法用法：指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时常可省略。
1)China is a country which has a long history.作(主语 )※只用 that 不用 which 的情况：欢迎下载(1)______________________________This is the best book that I have ever read.(2)________________________________The first book that I bought was about how to learn English.(3)先行词是 _________________等不定代词或由 some, any, every, no等词构成的复合代词时）I did all that I could do at that time.There was little that the doctor could do for the patient.(4)当先行词被 ______________________修饰时。
The only thing that he can do is to say sorry to her.(5)先行词 ____________________Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?(6)主句已有疑问词 ________/_________时。
Which is the book that you like?Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting?Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?(7)当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系词在从句中也作表语时。
He is no longer the man that he was ten years ago.※只用 which 不用 that 引导定语从句的情况：(1)当关系代词前有 _______时。
A desert is a great plain in which nothing will grow.(2)引导 ________________________时。
The students was late for class 7 times a week, which made her teacher mad.(3)一个句子中有两个定语从句时，为避免重复，一个用that，另一个宜用 _________。
(4)当先行词本身是that 时。
That which I had known about made them surprised.3.关系代词 who 的用法用法：指人，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时常可省略。
1)I know the man who spoke to you just now.(作主语 )2)She is not the girl who she was.作(表语 )先行词是人时，常用who 而不用 that 的情况：a. 关系代词在从句中作主语时，多用who，eg. I will pardon him who is honest.b. 先行词为等时，eg. All who heard the news were excited.c.在以 there be 开头的句子中，eg. There is a girl who wants to see you.d.当先行词后有较长的修饰语时，eg. He met a boy in the street yesterday who could speak English fluently.4.关系代词 whom 的用法用法：指人，who 的宾格，在定语从句中作宾语，常可省略，在口语中可用 who 或 that 代替。
Here is the man (whom/who) you are looking for.I have a friend who likes listening to classical music.Is that the man with whom you arrived yesterday?5.关系代词 whose的用法用法：可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作定语。
1)This is the scientist whosename is known all over the world.(指人 )2)The room whose windows face the east is mine. 指(物）Whose +n.= ___________________________= ______________________________6.关系代词 as 的用法用法：既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。
它常用在 the same as ,such as ,as as 等句型中 ,as 不能省略。
1)Such teachers as know Tom think him bright.( 指人，作主语 )2)I’ll buy the same dictionary as you have.(指物，作宾语 )※关系代词 as 的选择(1)当先行词中有 _______________等修饰语时；如：Never promise such things as you can’tachieve.This is so good a movie __as__we all wish to see.(2)当________________置于句首时；如：As is known to all, the earth travels around the sun once every year.As we had expected, the students who had cheated in the exams were punished.(3)当先行词中有 the same 修饰时，有时用 that 也有时用 as 来引导定语从句。
二者意思稍有不同。
如：This is the same shirt as I wore yesterday. _______________________________This is the same shirt that I wore yesterday._________________________________※关系代词的省略有两个条件： (1)限定性定语从句；(2)作宾语或表语。
E.g. Women _______ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those ________ don’t. （2006 北京高考）A. who ; 不填B. 不填 ; whoC. who ; whoD. 不填 ; 不填Part 3 关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词先行词所指在句中所作成分Whenwherewhy※特别提醒： when, where 既能引导限定性定语从句，也能引导非限定性定语从句，而why 通常引导限定性定语从句。
如：That is the day when he got married.That is the time when all of us lived together as a family.That is the factory where I used to work.That is the reason why he was fired.(1)表示时间的先行词除了 time 之外，还有： day, morning, afternoon, evening, night, week, month, year 等；(2)表示地点的先行词除了 place 之外，还可以是 desk, table, spot, room, house, school, stree town, country 等,还有表示抽象意义的地点名词： _________________________________ (3)表示原因的先行词一般只有 ____________一个。
1.关系副词使用的几种变化1)关系副词通常也可以用“that+介词后置”代替或省略；2_在正式文体中，也可以使用“介词+which ”的结构。
That is the river that I used to swim in. (that +介词后置 ) That is the river I used to swim in. (省略 )That is the river in which I used to swim. (介词 +which)归纳： where/when = _______ + __________; why = ______ + __________2.介词 +which 结构中的介词选择问题1)介词与 _______________之间的搭配关系；I still remember the time when (at which) I first became a high school student.There are several areas in the city where (in which) you can buy clothes in fashion.2)介词与 ________________的搭配关系。