现在完成时现在完成时一、结构：have / has +动词过去分词haven’t / hasn’t + doneHave / Has + 主语+ done二.用法：表示到说话时刻为止已经做或尚未做过的动作。

常用already, yet, so far, by now, since two days ago, for a few days 等词语作状语。

注：give, see, come, arrive, leave(离开)，begin, start, finish, join, become, borrow, lend, die, end 等点时间动词可以用于完成时，但在肯定句中不能与表示一段时的since和for 短语连用，因为点时间动词不能延续，而在否定句中可以与表示一段时间的for短语连用，因为否定的点时间动词可以看作是一种可延续的状态。

Mike has come for a year.( 〤)Mike has been here for a year( √)Mike hasn’t come for a year.（√）过去完成时表示截止到过去某一时刻或在过去的动作之前（过去的过去）已经做或尚未做的动作。

B y (=up to )last weekend we hadn’t got any information.When he appeared, we had waited for 30 minutes.现在完成时考点考点一：考查基本概念例Both his parents look sad . Maybe they ______what's happened to him .Ａ. knew Ｂ. have known Ｃ. must know Ｄ.will know考点二：考查时间状语例1. He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ?Ａ. already Ｂ.never Ｃ.ever Ｄ. still例2. Have you met Mr Li ______？Ａ. just Ｂ. ago Ｃ.before Ｄ. a moment ago例3. The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year .Ａ. is writing Ｂ.was writing Ｃ.wrote Ｄ.has written例4.—Our country ______ a lot so far .—Yes . I hope it will be even ______ .Ａ. has changed ; well Ｂ. changed ; goodＣ. has changed ; better Ｄ. changed ; better例5. Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .Ａ. was ; studying Ｂ. will ; studyＣ. has ; studied Ｄ. are ; studying例6. We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .Ａ. know Ｂ. had known Ｃ. have known Ｄ. knew例7. Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_______ it twice .Ａ. will see Ｂ. have seen Ｃ. saw Ｄ.see考点三：考查与一般过去时的区别例1. —These farmers have been to the United States .—Really ? When _____ there ?Ａ. will they go Ｂ. did they goＣ. do they go Ｄ. have they gone例2.—______ you ___ your homework yet ?—Yes . I _____ it a moment ago .Ａ. Did ; do ; finished Ｂ. Have ; done ; finishedＣ. Have ; done ; have finished Ｄ. will ; do ; finish考点四：考查非延续性动词的用法例1. His father ______ the Party since 1978 .Ａ. joined Ｂ. has joined Ｃ. was in Ｄ. has been in例2.—Do you know him well ?—Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago .Ａ. were Ｂ. have been Ｃ. have become Ｄ. have made例3.—How long have you ____ here ?—About two months .Ａ. been Ｂ. gone Ｃ. come Ｄ. arrived例4. Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes .Ａ. has begun Ｂ. had begunＣ. has been on Ｄ. began例5. His uncle died two years ago .（改变句子，句意不变）His uncle has _______ _______ for two years例6. Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义句）Her mother _______ the Party three years ________ .例7. It _____ ten years since he left the army .Ａ. is Ｂ. has Ｃ. will Ｄ. was简析：现在完成时中，非延续性动词不能与for和since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用，通常是用相应的延续性动词来代替。

常用的非延续性动词及替代形式如下：close—→be closed, put on→wear , open—→be openget up—→be up, finish/end—→be over , lose—→be lost ,marry—→be married(to), fall asleep/ go to sleep —→be asleep ( sleep ) ,get to know—→know come/arrive—→be here/in ,come/get back—→be back , go/leave-be away , become —→be ,borrow —→keep , buy—→have , begin/start—→be on ,die—→be dead , join—→be in/be a ember of．．．,catch a cold—→have a cold等，考点五：考查词组have/has been in / to与have/has gone to的区别例1. Miss Green isn't in the office . she_______ to the library .Ａ.has gone Ｂ. went Ｃ.will go Ｄ. has been例2. My parents ______ Shandong for ten years .Ａ. have been in Ｂ. have been toＣ. have gone to Ｄ.have been要点提示:1．结构：have/has+done 表示过去发生的某个动作对现在产生的影响，或过去发生的某个动作持续到现在。

2．have/has been to… 与have/has gone to…的辨析have/has been to… 表示“曾去过”，说明有某种经历。

have/has gone to… 表示“已去某地（在途中或已到目的地）”。

e.g. She has been to Canada. 她去过加拿大。

She has gone to Canada. 她去加拿大了。

3．瞬间动词与延续性动词1）瞬间动词表示短暂。

不能持续一段时间的动作，如：come, leave, begin, become, buy, receive, die, join, borrow, lend, go,等。

2）持续性动词表示能持续一段时间的动作，如：work, stay, live, learn, read, write, wait 等3）瞬间动词用于完成时表示动作的完成。

e.g. She has already bought a dictionary. 她已经买了一本字典。

4）瞬间动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。

e.g. She has left Shenyang. √She has left Shengyang for a month..╳She has been away from Shenyang for a month..√但是瞬间动词的否定结构可以与表示一段时间的状语连用，说明某动作不发生的状态可以持续一段时间e.g. She often goes on business. But she hasn’t left Shenyang for a month./since a month ago. since是自从的意思before是在~~之前现在完成时的"完成用法"现在完成时的"完成用法"指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束，但该动作对现在产生了影响，与现在情况具有因果关系。

例如：He has turned off the light.他已把灯关了。

(动作结束于过去，但说明的是现在的情况--灯现在不亮了。

)现在完成时"完成用法"的特点是动作不延续，因此，该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间状语(如：already，yet，before，recently等)、频度时间状语(如：never，ever，once等)、包括现在时刻在内的时间状语(如：this morning ／ month ／year...，today等)连用。

例如： Have you found your pen yet？你已找到你的钢笔了吗？7.现在完成时的"未完成用法"现在完成时的"未完成用法"指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去。