法律英语复习（二）
choice of law 法律选择 inferior court 低级法院superior court 高级法院circuit court 巡回法院 court
of common pleas 普通法院 court of appeals 上诉法院at issue 有争议的，待裁决的 at the discretion of 由
…自由裁量courts of limited jurisdiction 有限管辖（权）法院 choice of forum 法院的选择courts of general jurisdiction 一般管辖（权）法院 subject matter jurisdiction 对事管辖权diversity jurisdiction 多元管
辖单词：
federalism 联邦制 autonomy 自治权 appellate 上诉的hear 审理jurisdiction 管辖权 litigant 诉讼当事人discretion 只有裁量权
1、美国的法律制度是双轨制，各州有自己的宪法和法律。

因此在涉及跨州交易或事件的诉讼中往往出现法律选择问题。

The American legal system is a dual legal system. Each state has its own constitution and its own laws.
So choice of law questions often arise in lawsuits involving multi-state transactions or occurrences.
2、双轨制也使法院的选择成为一个复杂的问题。

Duality also makes the choice of forum a complicated question.
3、在大多数州，初审法院有两层：低级管辖权法院和一般管辖权法院。

There are two levels of trial courts in most of the states： courts of inferior jurisdiction and courts of general jurisdiction.
4、在低级管辖权法院审理的案子一般可到一般管辖权法院重审。

Cases tried at a court of inferior jurisdiction generally can be retried at a court of general jurisdiction.
5、所有州对一般管辖权法院的判决都允许至少一次上诉。

在有中级上诉法院的州，一般判决可以有两次复审。

All the states allow at least one appeal from the decisions of a court of general jurisdiction. In states which have intermediate appellate courts，there may be two appellate reviews.
6、联邦区级法院对三种案子有初审管辖权：当事人不是同一个州的案子，涉及联邦法的案子，以及美国政府（或其机构）为一方当事人的案子。

Federal district courts have original jurisdiction over three types of cases： diversity cases， federal questions cases， and cases in which the United States government （or its agency） is a party.。