The Ethical Principles of ConfucianismConfucianism had been regarded as an ethic-political system in ancient China. For more than two thousand years it has moulded and shaped the civilization of China and exerted a profound influence upon almost one fourth pf the human race.Confucianism has left us a rich literary heritage known as the Four Books and Five Classics; Analects (《论语》), Mencius (《孟子》)，The Mean (《中庸》),The Great Learning (《大学》) ; and Book of Change（《易经》）, Book of History (《尚书》), Book of Rites (《礼记》) ，Book of Odes (《诗经》), and Spring and Autumn Anna ls(《春秋》)。
For six centuries (1313—1905) these four texts became the elementary requirements of Chinese education in the feudal society and served as the basis of the civil service examination (科举考试) by which scholars were selected for official posts at various levels of the government.The ethical principle of Confucianism is its discovery of the ultimate in the moral character of human relationships in which Confucius offered the solution for the ills and evils of his day. That is the well-known Five Relationships: father-son, husband-wife, elder-and-younger brother, friend-friend and ruler-minister. The responsibilities ensuing from these relationships are mutual and reciprocal. A minister owes loyalty to his ruler, and a child filial respect to his parent. But the ruler must care for his subjects, and the parent for the child. Just as Confucius said of the doctrine of reciprocity and neighborliness: "Within the four seas all men are brothers. " ( 四海之内皆兄弟) " Do not do to others what you would not want others to do to you. " (己所不欲，勿施于人)Confucius' central doctrine is that of the virtue of ren (仁). What is ren? Ren is translated variously as goodness, benevolence, humanity, and human-heartedness. In short, ren means affection and love. "A man of ren loves others" (仁者爱人) .Fan Chi asked about " ren". Confucius said, "Love all men. " (樊迟问任，子曰“爱人”)The ethical thought of Confucius can be summed up as the following five cardinal virtues;1. ren (仁), the will to show benevolence to others (the root)2. yi (义), righteousness by justice (the trunk)3. li ( 礼), moral ways of conduct (the branches)4. zhi (智), wisdom (the flower)5. xin (信), faithfulness (the fruit)In my opinion Confucianism's greatest contribution to the Chinese nation is its shaping and moulding of the Chinese character and national soul and its founding of the complete system of knowledge. Just as Dr. Sun Yat-sen said; "Therefore the old morals of loyalty (忠) and piety (孝), affection and love (仁爱), faithfulness and righteousness（信义）, are superior to those of the foreign countries, let alone that of peace and harmony (和平). These high standards of morals are our national spirit. "（所以中国从前的忠孝、仁爱、信义种种就倒地，固然是驾乎外国人，说到和平的道德，更是驾乎外国人。
这种特别好的道德，便是我们的民族精神。
《孙中山选集》684页）The complete system of knowledge is laid down in the book of Great Learning：The way of the Great Learning lies in illustrating virtue, rejuvenating the people, and reaching perfection. ... The ancients who wished to illustrate virtue throughout the world would first govern well their own state. To govern their state well, they would first regulate their families. To regulate their families, they would first cultivate their own personality. To cultivate their personality they would rectify their minds. To rectify their minds, they would first strive to be sincere in their thoughts. Wishing for sincerity in their thoughts, they would expand their knowledge. The expansion of knowledge lay in the investigation of things. (The Text of Confucius)【原文】大学之道，在明明德，在亲民，在止于至善。
……古之君子欲明明德于天下者，先治其国。
欲治其国者，先齐其家。
欲齐其家者，先修其身。
欲修其身者，先正其心。
欲正其心者，先诚其意。
欲诚其意者，先致其知。
致知在格物。
[《大学》·孔经]【今译】最大的学问，在于弘扬道德，是人们革故鼎新，从而达到至善至美的理想境界。
……古之君子要想发扬光大美德于天下，想要治理好自己的国家；要想治理好自己的国家；想要治理好自己的家庭；要想治理好自己的家庭，想要修养好自己的本身；要想修养好自己的本身，先端正自己的思想；要想端正自己的思想，想要使自己的意念诚实，先要获得知识。
获得知识的目的，在于懂得事物的道理。
Introduction1.Globalization is considered as a process of increasing involvment in international businessoperations.经济学视角中的全球化表现为不断增加的国际商务往来过程。
2.Macroculture:The term macroculture implies losing ethnic differences and forming onelarge society.宏观文化意味着种族差异的消失和一个大社会的形成。
3.Melting pot means a sociocultural assimilation of people of different backgrounds andnationlities.熔炉:不同背景和国籍的人们之间的社会文化的同化。
4.Microcultures:cultures within cultures微观文化：文化中的文化5.Intercultural communication refers to communication between people whose cultureperceptions and symbol systems are distinct enough to alter the communication event.跨文化交际:指拥有不同文化认知和符号体系的人文之间进行的交际。