2010-2014高考英语试题分类解析情态动词与虚拟语气(2014安徽卷)30．People are recycling many things which they______ away in the past.A. had thrownB. will be throwingC. were throwingD. would have thrown 【答案】D【解析】考查情态动词。
句意：人们在循环利用他们过去常常会扔掉的东西。
Would have done 表示对过去发生的事情的推测。
根据句意可知D正确。
(2014北京卷)27. ______ I have a word with you? It won’t take long.A. CanB. MustC. ShallD. Should【答案】A【解析】考查情态动词。
句意：我可以和你谈谈吗？用不了多少时间。
Can意为―可以‖，表示请求、要求、建议等：；must意为―必须，一定‖；shall意为―应，会，将，必须‖；should 意为―应该‖。
根据句意可知，空格can I…？表示征求许可。
故A正确。
(2014北京卷)34. We ______ back in the hotel now if you didn’t lose the map.A. areB. wereC. will beD. would be【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气。
句意：如果你没丢失地图，现在我们就会在宾馆里了。
If引导的条件状语从句中，如果表示与现在事实相反时，条件句中的谓语动词用―一般过去时/were‖，主句使用―情态动词+动词原形‖。
根据句意可知，题中所述内容与现在事实相反。
故D正确。
(2014湖南卷)22. If Mr. Dewey ______ present, he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.A. wereB. had been G. should be D. was【答案】B【解析】考查虚拟语气。
句意：如果Mr. Dewey在场，他会向那里的人提供任何帮助。
与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，条件状语从句要用―had done‖，主句要使用―情态动词+have done‖。
根据主语的谓语动词形式可知，题干表示与过去的事实相反，所以从句谓语动词用had+过去分词。
故B正确。
【语言学习】1. 表示与现在事实相反的情况，条件状语从句中的谓语用过去时(Be动词用were)，主句中的谓语用should/would/could/might + 动词原形；2. 表示与过去事实相反的情况，条件状语从句中的谓语用过去完成时，主句中的谓语用should/would/could/might + have done；3. 表示对将来情况的主观推测，条件状语从句中的谓语用were to do，should +动词原形或用动词的过去式(Be动词用were)，主句中的谓语用should/would/could/might +动词原形。
(2014湖南卷)25.—I’ve prepared all kinds of food for the picnic.—Do you mean we______ bring anything with us?A. can’tB. mustn’tC. shan’tD. needn't【答案】D【解析】考查情态动词。
句意：——我已经准备好了野餐的各种食物。
——你的意思是我们不必带任何东西了吗？can’t意为―不可能，不能‖；mustn’t意为―禁止，不可以‖；needn’t意为―不必，不需要‖。
根据句意可知D正确。
(2014江苏卷)31. It was sad to me that they, so poor themselves, ______ bring me food.A. mightB. wouldC. shouldD. could【答案】C【解析】考查情态动。
句意：让我难为情的是，他们自己那么穷，竟然还给我带来了食物。
Might意为―可以，或许‖；would意为―会，将要，愿意，过去常常做某事‖；should意为―应该，竟然‖；could意为―能够，可能‖。
根据句意可知，题中should用于表示惊异、赞叹、不满等的句子中，意为―竟然，竟会‖。
故C正确。
(2014江西卷)30. Life is unpredictable ; even the poorest ______ become the richest .A. shallB. mustC. needD. might【答案】D【解析】考查情态动词。
句意：生活是无法预测的，甚至最贫穷的人也有可能成为最富有的人。
shall意为―将要，必须‖；must意为―必须，一定‖；need意为―需要‖；might意为―也许‖。
题中信息―Life is unpredictable‖表明一切都有可能，所以用might表示可能性。
故D正确。
(2014全国大纲卷)30. Although you ______ find bargains in London, it’s not generally a cheap place to shop.A. shouldB. needC. mustD. can【答案】D【解析】考查情态动词。
句意：尽管在伦敦你有时可能找到便宜货，但总得说来也那不是一个购物便宜的地方。
should意为―应该，竟然‖；need意为―需要‖；must意为―必须，非得，偏偏‖；can意为―能够，可能，有时会……‖。
根据句意可知can表示有时可能，有时会……。
故D正确。
【语言学习】Bargain物美价廉的商品At this price the wine is a bargain. 以这个价格，这葡萄酒算是物美价廉了。
(2014陕西卷)23. We would rather our daughter ______ at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.A. would stayB. has stayedC. stayedD. stay【答案】C【解析】考查虚拟语气。
句意：我们宁愿与我们一起女儿待在家里，但这是她的选择，她不再是孩子了。
would rather后面的从句中要用虚拟语气，如果从句表示与现在或将来的情况，用一般过去时；如果表示过去的情况，用过去完成时。
根据句意可知，空格处是与现在相反的情况，所以用一般过去式。
故C正确。
【语言学习】Choice1. 选择They had little choice but to agree to what he suggested. 除了同意他的意见，他们别无选择。
2. 所挑选的人或物Although he was only grumbling, his choice of words made Rodney angry. 尽管他只是在发牢骚，但他所用的字眼却让罗德尼很生气。
(2014陕西卷)25. My book, The House of Hales, is missing. Who ______ have taken it?A. needB. mustC. shouldD. could【答案】D【解析】考查情态动词。
句意：我的书The House of Hales不见了。
可能是谁拿走了？疑问句中表示可能用情态动词can或could; ―情态动词+have done‖表示对过去情况的推测。
故D 正确。
【语言学习】请体会下列句子中的有关用法：①—C atherine, I have cleaned the room for you.—Thanks. You needn’t have done it. I could manage it myself.(不必做，但做了)②—Mike is never late for school. Why is he absent today?—Something must hav e happened to him.(过去某必定发生了)③Johson paid for a seat, when he could have entered free.(本来能的，但又没那样)④Mike should have paid more visit to his grandparents. He has been regretting not doing so since they passed away.(本应该，但又没那样)⑤I s houldn’t have laughed, but I didn’t think you were serious.(本不应该，但那样做了)⑥My sister met him at Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he couldn’t have attended your lecture.(过去不可能做了)⑦There was a lot of fun at yesterday’s party. You ought to have come, but why didn’t you?⑧Yesterday, Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she might have said something she would regret late.(过去有可能，但没发生)⑨My English-Chinese dictionary has disappeared. Who could have taken it?(过去可能)⑩The flowers are dead. You might have watered them. (委婉责备)(2014四川卷)6. I still remember my happy childhood when my mother ______ take me to Disneyland at weekends.A. mightB. mustC. wouldD. should【答案】C【解析】考查情态动词。
句意：我仍然记得我的快乐的童年,那时母亲常会在周末带我去迪斯尼乐园。
Would可表示表示―习惯性动作‖，可译为―常会，总是‖。
根据句意可知，空格处用情态动词would，表示―习惯性动作‖。
故C正确。
(2014浙江卷)16. They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation, or they ______ to our help.A. would have comeB. could comeC. have comeD. had come 【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气。