定语从句语法归纳及练习一、基本概念（一）定语从句在复合句中作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
（二）先行词被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。
一般情况下，定语从句紧跟先行词。
但也有因各种原因定语从句与先行词被分割的现象。
（三）关系代词和关系副词定语从句的引导词。
与先行词关系密切，因此紧跟先行词，并在定语从句中充当一个成分。
关系代词有：who, whom, which, that和whose, 另外，as也可充当关系代词。
关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语。
关系副词有：when, where和why。
在定语从句中充当状语。
二、关系代词的用法（一）基本用法根据先行词的不同，和在从句中所充当的成分不同，选用不同的关系代词。
如下表：例如：（注意关系代词在定语从句中所充当的成分）① Do you know the professor who/that will give us a speech next week? （作主语）② I read a report about his new novel that/ which will soon be published. （作主语）③ The plan that/which they argued about was settled at last. （作宾语）④ This is the new secretary (who/whom/that)I would like to introduce to you. （作宾语）⑤ The soldier whose legs were badly wounded was operated on without delay. （作定语）注意：关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语时可以省略，充当主语时则不能。
（见上例③④）（二）关系代词that代替which的一些情况which, that 在代替物时，一般可以通用。
但在有些情况下，只用 that。
⑴先行词是最高级形容词或它的前面有最高级形容词修饰时。
例如：① This is the best that has been used against pollution.② English is the most difficult subject that you will learn during these years.⑵ 先行词是序数词，或它前面有一个序数词时。
例如：① This is the last place (that) I want to visit.② It is the first American movie of this kind that I’ve ever seen.⑶ 先行词是 all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等代词时。
例如：① You should hand in all that you have.② We haven’t got much that we can offer you.⑷ 先行词前面有the only, the very, any, few, little, no, all, much, every等修饰时。
例如：① The only thing that we can do is to give you some money.② The little money (that) he had was stolen.（三）宜用who, 而不用that的一些情况⑴ 先行词是one, ones, anyone时。
例如：① One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth.② Don’t tell anyone about the news who oughtn’t to know it.⑵先行词是those时。
例如：① Those who were not fit for their work could not see the beautiful clothes made of the magic cloth.（四）其它情况⑴ 先行词既有人又有物时。
例如：① Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?② The bike and its rider that had run over an old man were taken to the police station.⑵ 主句已有疑问词who 或which时。
例如：① Which is the bike that you lost?② Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting?（五）与whose有关的问题⑴ whose是代词的所有格，它既可以代人也可以代物。
例如：① I saw a woman whose bag was stolen.② Please show me the book whos e cover is red.⑵ 当whose表示物与物的所有格关系时，亦可用of which的形式。
例如：① The building whose roof you can see from here is a new restaurant.→ The building, the roof of which you can see from here, is a new restaurant.或→ The building, of which the roof you can see from here is a new restaurant. 三、介词前提的问题关系代词在定语从句中充当介词宾语时，介词可以前提至关系代词前。
例如：Have you seen the pen (which) I wrote the note with just now? （which作介词with 的宾语）→Have you seen the pen with which I wrote the note just now?但是，要注意的是：⑴ 介词前提后，先行词是人或物，关系代词分别只能用whom和which，而不再用that或who。
⑵ 介词前提后，关系代词不再能省略。
⑶ 有些含有介词的短语动词中的介词不能前提，如：look for, look after, take care of 等。
例如：①错误：Who is the old man to that you were talking to?正确：Who is the old man to whom you were talking ? 或 Who is the old man (that/ whom) you were talking to?②错误：These are the sheep of which the boy took care.正确：These are the sheep (which/that) the boy took care of.四、关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句中的主谓一致关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词在人称和数上应与先行词一致。
例如：① Who is the guy that is reading over there?② The number of people that are going to the exhibition is expected to be over25,000.③All that needs to be done has been done.④ He is one of the students who use computer a lot for study.⑤ Timmy is the only one of the pupils that has failed the exam.例③中的all意为“一切”，作单数。
例⑤中没通过考试的学生事实上只有一人，因此谓语动词也用单数。
that与which, who, whom的用法区别：高一定语从句专项练习(1)1.The place _______interested me most wasthe Children's Palace.A. WhichB. whereC. whatD.in which2.Do you know the man _______?A. whom I spokeB. to who spokeC. I spoke toD. that Ispoke3.This is the hotel _______last month.A. which they stayedB. at thatthey stayed C. where they stayed at D. where theystayed4.Do you know the year ______the ChineseCommunist Party was founded?A. whichB. thatC. whenD.on which5.That is the day ______I'll never forget.A. whichB. on whichC. in whichD. when6.The factory ______we'll visit next week isnot far from here.A. whereB. to whichC. whichD. in which7.Great changes have taken place in thefactory ____we are working since then. A. where B. that C. which D. there8.This is one of the best films _______. A. that have been shown this year B. that have shownC. that has been shown this yearD. that you talked9.Can you lend me the book ______the other day?A. about which you talkedB. which you talkedC. about that you talkedD. that you talked10.The pen ______he is writing is mine.A.with whichB.in whichC.on whichD.by which11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ______sat a small boy.A. whomB. whoC. whichD. that12.The engineer ______my father works is about 50 years old.A.to whomB.on whomC.with whichD. with whom13.Is there anyone in your class ______family is in the country?A. whoB. who'sC. whichD. whose14.I'm interested in ______you have said. A. all that B.all what C. thatD. which15.I want to use the same dictionary ______was used yesterday. A. which B. who C. what D.as16.He isn't such a man ______he used to be. A. who B. whom C. that D.as17.He is good at English, ______we all know. A. that B. as C. whom D.what18.Li Ming, ______to the concert enjoyed itvery much.A. I went withB. with whom I wentC. with who I wentD.I went with him 19.I don't like ______ as you read.A. the novelsB. the such novelsC. such novelsD. same novels 20.He talked a lot about things and persons_______they remembered in the school.A. whichB. thatC. whomD. what21.The letter is from my sister, ______isworking in Beijing.A. whichB. thatC. whomD. who22.In our factory there are 2,000 workers,two thirds of ____are women.A. themB. whichC. whomD. who23.You're the only person ______I've ever met ______could do it.A. who;/B./; whomC. whom;/D./; who24.I lost a book, ______I can't remember now.A. whose titleB. its titleC. the title of itD. the title of thatst summer we visited the West Lake, ______Hangzhou is famous in the world.A.for whichB.for thatC.in which D what26.I have bought such a watch _______ was advertised on TV.A. thatB. whichC. asD. it27.I can never forget the day _______ we worked together and the day ______ we spent together.A.when; whichB.which; whenC.what; thatD.on which; when28.The way ______he looks at problems is wrong.A. whichB. whoseC. whatD./29.This is the reason ______he didn't come to the meeting.A. in whichB. with whichC. thatD. for which30.This machine, ______for many years, isstill working perfectly.A.after which I have lookedB. which I have looked afterC. that I have looked afterD. I havelooked after31.The reason ______he didn't come was______he was ill.A. why; thatB. that; whyC. for that; hatD. for which; what32.He is working hard, ______will make him pass the final exam.A.thatB.whichC.for whichD.who33.That is not the way ______I do it. A./ B.which C.for whichD.with which34.I have two grammars, ______are of greatuse.A. all of whichB. either of whichC. both of thatD. both of which 35.I want to use the same tools _______usedin your factory a few days ago. A.as was B. which was C.as were D.which 36.My neigh bours used to give me a hand intime of trouble, _______ was very kind of them.A. whoB. whichC. thatD. it37.This is the magazine _______ I copied theparagraph.A. thatB. whichC. from thatD.from which38.He is not such a man _______ would leavehis work half done.A. thatB. whichC. whoD.as39. You can depend on whatever promise_______ he makes.A. /B. whyC. whenD.whose40. Smoking, _______ is a bad habit, is,however, popular.A. thatB. whichC. itD.though41. --- Did you ask the guard _______happened?--- Yes, he told me all _______ he knew. A.what; that B. what; what C. which;which D. that; that42. I shall never forget those years _______I lived on the farm with the farmers,_______ has a great effect on my life. A.when; who B.that; which C. which; thatD. when; which43. The number of the people who _______ cars_______ increasing.A.owns; areB. owns; isC. own; isD. own; are44. During the days ________, he worked asa servant at the Browns. A.followed B.following C.to follow D.that followed45. Is oxygen the only gas _______ helps fireburn?A. thatB. /C. whichD. it46. The clever boy made a hole in the wall,_______ he could see _____ was going on inside house.A. which; whatB. through which;whatC.through that; whatD. what;that47. Is _______ some German friends visitedlast week?A. this schoolB. this theschoolC. this school oneD. thisschool where48. John got beaten in the game, _______ hadbeen expected.A. asB. thatC. whatD.who49. I have bought two ballpens, _______writes well.A. none of themB. neither ofthemC. neither of whichD. none ofwhich50. All that can be eaten _______ eaten up.A. are beingB. has beenC. had beenD.have been高一定语从句专项练习（2）1. Nearly all the streets are in straight lines,________ from east to west. Those________ run from north to south are calledavenues.A. running; thatB. run; whoC. running; whoD. run; that2. This is the case ________ he’s had all his money stolen.A. whenB. whereC. thatD. on which3. Mr. Smith will pay a visit to Beijing this autumn,________ we will enjoy the Olympic Gamesin 2008.A. whereB. whenC. whichD.how4. The artist will not paint people or animals but hewill paint anything ________ .A. that the little girl asks himB. the little girl asks him toC. for the little girl to ask himD. what the little girl asks him5. —How did you get in touch with the travel agent, Robin?—Oh, that’s easy. I surfed the Internet and then called one ________ the telephone number isprovided.A. whichB. in whichC. of whichD. whose6. October 15 th is my birthday, ________ I will never forget.A. whenB. thatC. whatD. which7. The treatment will continue until the patientreaches the point ________ he can walkcorrectly and safely.A. whenB. whereC. whichD. whose8. There are several research centers in China________ a certain disease called Bird Flu isbeing studied.A. whichB. whereC. whenD. what9. I hope that the little ________ I have been ableto do does good to them all.A. whichB. whatC. thatD. when10. The time is not far away ________ moderncommunications will become widespread inChina’s vast countryside.A. asB. whenC. untilD. before11. ________ is known to everybody, Taiwan is apart of China. We must unify it.A. ItB. AsC. WhichD. What12. I shall never forget the day ________ ShenZhou V was launched, ________ has a greateffect on my life.A. when, whichB. that, whichC. which, thatD. when, that13. The bread my wife makes is much better than________ you can buy at a store.A. that whichB. one thatC. that of whichD. this of which14. There is no such place _____ you dream of in all this world.A. thatB. whatC. whichD. as15. The people, ________ had been damaged bythe flood, were given help by the Red Cross.A. all whose homesB. all of whose homesC. all their homesD. all of their homes16. The humans are destroying nature day by day,of course, will cause severe punishment fromit sooner or later.A. whoB. whenC. on whichD. which17. Is this research center ________ you visited themodern equipment last year?A. whereB. thatC. the one thatD. the one where18. Some pictures of the river brought the daysback to the old ________ they swam in it.A. whenB. thatC. whoD. where19. The man showed us so heavy a stone ________ no man can lift.A. thatB. asC. whichD. and20. He stayed there for quite a long time, during________ time he learned much spokenEnglish.A. thatB. thisC. whichD.Same（4）真题回顾1. We went through a period _____ communications were very difficult in rural areas. (2008上海)A. whichB. whoseC. in whichD. with which2. Human facial expressions differ fromthose of animals in the degree _____ theycan be controlled on purpose. (2007重庆)A. with whichB. to whichC. of whichD. for which3. Animals suffered at the hands of Man______ they were destroyed by people tomake way for agricultural had to providefood for more people. (2008江西)A. in whichB. for whichC. sothat D. in that4. Some children want to challengethemselves by learning a languagedifferent from ______ their parents speakat home. (2008浙江)A. whatB. thatC. whichD. one5. You can only be sure of _____ you have atpresent; you cannot be sure of something_____ you might get in the future. (2007A. that; whatB. what; /C. which; thatD. /; that6. Women _____ drink more than two cups ofcoffee a day have a greater chance ofhaving heart disease than those _____don’t. (2006北京)A. who, /B. /; whoC. who, whoD. /; /7. The Beatles _____ many of you are old enough to remembercame from Livepool.(2006)A. whatB. thatC. howD.as8. In an hour, we can travel to places _____ would have taken our ancestors days to reach. (2006上海)A. whereB. whenC. whichD. what9. I saw a woman running toward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was, she had run back in the direction ________ she had come.（ 2006 重庆卷）A. of whichB. by whichC. in whichD. from which10. Look out! Don’t get too close to thehouse ______ roof is under repair. (2006福建)A. whoseB. whichC. of whichD. that11. – Mom, what did your doctor say?－He advised me to live ____ the air is fresher. (2006四川)A. in whereB. in whichC. the place whereD. where12. The schools themselves admit that notall children will be successful in the jobs ______ they are being trained. (2005江西A. in thatB. for thatC. in whichD. for which 13. The English play ____ my students actedat the New Year’s party was a great success. (2004全国)A. for whichB. at whichC. in whichD. on which14. George Orwell, ____ was Eric Arthur,wrote many political novels and essays.(2004全国)A. the real nameB. what his real nameC. his real nameD. whose real name15. The factory produces half a millionpairs of shoes every year, 80% ________ are sold abroad. (2004辽宁)A. of whichB. which ofC.of them D. of that。