知识图谱-定语从句关系代词关系副词第19讲_定语从句错题回顾定语从句知识精讲一、定义在复合句中,修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句,被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,通常位于定语从句之前。
引导定语从句的有关系代词who, whom, whose, which, that等和关系副词where, when, why等。
关系代词和关系副词,既起到连接作用,又在定语从句中担任句子成份。
总结定语从句的一般结构为:先行词+关系词+定语从句。
二、关系代词1.关系代词指代先行词,在从句中作主语、宾语或表语,基本用法如下表:注意:一般情况下,that既可以指人又可以指物,可以代替who, whom和which,在句子中充当主语、宾语或表语;which指物,在从句中也做主语、宾语或表语,所以which和that在指物时,大多时候可以互换,如:This is the movie that I like best.=This is the movie which I like best.这就是我最喜欢的电影。
2.关系代词的省略一般情况下,关系代词作宾语时可以省略,但若关系代词在从句中作介词宾语,且介词在关系代词前,不能省略,如:I’ll never forget the day that we spent together.我永远都不会忘记与你共度的时光。
(可省略)I’ll never forget the day on which we met each other.我永远不会忘记我们初次见面那一天。
(不可省)三、关系副词注意:与关系代词不同,关系副词在从句中作状语,状语并不是句子必须成分,所以即使没有关系副词,从句的内容也完整。
这是关系副词与关系代词最大的不同,也是我们选题的关键。
同时,关系副词大多可以拆分成介词+which的形式,如:This is the house where Luxun once lived.=This is the house in which Luxun once lived.这是鲁迅曾经住过的房子。
三点剖析一、考点延伸我们都知道,若先行词为物,关系词可以用that或which,而且大多数可以互换。
但以下几种情况,必须用that引导定语从句:1.先行词是不定代词all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything 等,如:All that we have to do is to practice English.我们要做的事情就是去练习英语。
2.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,如:The first letter that I got from him will be kept.我收到他的第一封信将会被保存起来。
3.先行词被all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some等修饰,如:I’ve eaten up all the food that you gave me.我把你给我的所有事物都吃光了。
4.先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时,如:He is the only person that I want to talk with.他是我唯一想与之交谈的人。
5.先行词既有人又有物时,如:They talked about persons and things that they met.他们谈论了他们见到的人和事。
二、方法总结定语从句考查形式比较单一,单选一般考关系词的选择。
在学习定语从句过程中,我们会发现,关系词的选择往往跟先行词有着很大关联,比如先行词是人往往用“who”或“whom”,先行词为物往往用“which”或“that”等,所以我们很容易根据先行词判断出关系词选谁最合适。
初中阶段我们要求会判断定语从句中的关系词,并能在作文中写出简单的定语从句。
高中会系统讲解定语从句,所以我们在初中阶段还要了解从句中的各个成分,为之后的学习做好准备。
题模精讲题模一关系代词例1.1、---What shall we do next?---Take the advice _________ is given by Dr. Bloch.A、w hoB、w hichC、w hoseD、w hom例1.2、The Palace Museum is the best place _________ I’ve ever visited.A、w hoB、w henC、t hatD、w here例1.3、完成句子1. 你有什么要对自己说的吗?Do you have _________ _________ you want to say for yourself?2. 这是我父亲曾经住过的房子。
This is a house in _________ my father once lived.题模二关系副词例2.1、This is the primary school _________ I studied three years ago.A、w hereB、w henC、t hatD、w hich例2.2、Do you remember the days _________ we spent in Sanya?A、w henB、t hatC、w hatD、w here例2.3、完成句子你知道他缺席的原因吗?Do you know the reason _________ he is absent?随堂练习随练1.1、The book_________ is sold out at the moment.A、y ou needB、w hat you needC、w hich you need itD、t hat you need it随练1.2、The second book _________ I want to read is Business @ the Speed of Thought.A、w hichB、w hatC、t hatD、a s随练1.3、I'm one of the boys _________ never late for school.A、t hat isB、w ho areC、w ho amD、w ho is随练1.4、完成句子1. 人们都喜欢那些有礼貌的人。
People all like those _________ have good manners.2. 这是我障碍寻找的那本书。
This is the book _________ I’m looking for.3. 这是我看过的最有趣的电影。
This is _________ _________ interesting _________ _________ I’ve ever seen.4. 我还记得第一次来北京的那一天。
I still remember the day _________ I first came to Beijing.5. 你能告诉我他上班的办公室吗?Can you tell me the office _________ he works?随练1.5、Is this the place _________ Lincoln once lived.A、t hatB、w hichC、w hereD、w hen随练1.6、I'll never forget the days _________ I stayed with you.A、w henB、i n whichC、t hatD、f or which自我总结能力拓展拓展1、---Do you know the man _________ is talking with your father?---Yes, he’s our headmaster.A、h eB、w hoC、w hichD、w hom拓展2、Is this the river _________ I can swim?A、w hichB、i n whichC、t hatD、t he one拓展3、This is the best hotel in the city _________ I know.A、w hereB、w hichC、t hatD、i t拓展4、Her sister, _________ you met at my home, was a teacher of English.A、w homB、t hatC、w hichD、w ho is拓展5、These books are for students _________ mother language is not English.A、o f whomB、t hatC、w hichD、w hose拓展6、完成句子1. 有一些想去海南度假的人。
There are some people _________ want to have a holiday in Hainan.2. 刚才天空中一闪而过的是什么?What’s that _________ flashed in the sky just now.3. 这是去武汉的最后一趟火车。
The train is _________ _________ _________ will go to Wuhan.4. 我永远都不会忘记我在北京度过的那些日子。
I’ll never forget the days _________ I spent in Beijing.5. 中国是风筝的故乡,从这里放风筝传到了日本、朝鲜、泰国和印度。
China is the birthplace of kites, from _________ kite flying spreads to Japan, Korea, Thailand and India.。