（一）演奏术语accelerando/accel. Adagio Allegretto allegro andante cantabile crescendo/cresc. da capo/. dal segno/. decrescendo/decresc .dimimmndo/dim. fine ( =forte ) (=fortissimo) legato lento mezzo(=mezzo forte ) ( =mezzo piano ) moderatop (=piano) pp (=pianissimo)pocorallentando/rall. ritardando/ritard./rit. gradually getting quicker slow(at ease ) fairly quick( but not as quick as allegro ) quick( cheerful ) at a walking pace in a singing style gradually getting louderrepeat from the beginning repeat from the signbecoming gradually softer becoming gradually softer the end loud very loud smoothly slowhalf( moderately )moderately loud moderately quiet moderately( allegro moderato ; moderately quick ) quiet very quieta little , slightlygradually getting slower gradually getting slower 逐渐加快 慢(舒适) 稍快(但不及allegro 快) 快(欢乐)，快板 如行走般的速度 如歌唱似的风格 渐强 从头再奏 回到记号“”处再奏渐弱 渐弱 结束处演奏指示Performance Directions一级：强，响亮很强圆滑地慢一半(适中)中强中弱中速( allegro moderato:适中的快板)弱很弱少许，稍渐慢渐慢ritenuto/riten. staccato/state. tempo（二）演奏符号held back( immediately slowing down ) detached speed，time( a tempo : in time )gradually getting louder(=crescendo)gradually getting quieter(=diminuendo/decrescendo)detached(=staccato )accentpause on the note (or rest)( =fermata )repeat marks: at the secondsign，repeat the music from the firstsign(ifthe first sign is left out,repeat from thebeginning )tie: a curved line joining twonotes ofthe same pitch into a singlesustainedsoundslur: perform the notessmoothly( a curved line over or undertwo ormore different notes )突然慢(立即放慢)断音，断奏速度，时间(a tempo:回复到原来的速度)渐强(=crescendo)渐弱（=diminuendo/decrescendo)断音，断奏(=staccato )重音延长号。
将音符(或休止符)的时值延长(=fermata )反复记号。
在第二个记号处，音乐从第一个记号处开始重复(如乐曲没有第一个记号，音乐是从乐曲的开始处重复)连线:将两个有相同音高的音连结成一个音的弧线连线:圆滑地演奏各音(置于两个或一组音符的上方或下方的弧线)octave ( =ottava ) perform an octave higher( written over a note or notes )perform an octave lower( written under a note or notes)76 crotchet beats ina minute八度(=ottava)升高一个八度演奏(写在一个或多个音符的上方)降低一个八度演奏(写在一个或多个音符的下方)每分钟奏76个四分音符.是Maelzel’s Metronome(拍节机)的简称（一）演奏术语aal, allaallargandoandantinoassaicon , coldolcee,edespressivo(espress./espr.)(=fortepiano)giocosogravegraziosolarghettolargomamaestosomenomoltomossoin the style of, for, at,with,ina cappella: in the style ofchapela due : for two performersa piacere : at pleasurea puma d' arco : with thepoint of the bowa tempo ; in timein the manner of, to the( alla marcia : in the styleof a march )broadening(getting slowerand louder)slightly faster thanandantevery(allegro assai : veryquick )withsoft, sweetandexpressive二级：first loudly, then immediately soft playful , merry solemn,very slow gracefulquite slow(but not as slow as largo)slow, statelybutmajesticlessmuch , verymoved( meno mosso : less moved )以……风格、由、按照、用、按a cappella:以(无伴奏的)教堂风格演奏a due:由两位表演者演奏(唱)a piacere:按照表演者的与之所至地处理a puma d'arco:用弓尖演奏a tempo:按原来的速度以……风格，至( alla marcia:进行曲风格)宽广的(渐慢及渐强)比行板(andante )稍快非常，很(allegro assai:很快)用，含有温柔地，甜蜜地和，以及有表情地先强然后立即转弱嬉戏的，快乐的严肃的，极缓慢的优雅的颇慢的，(但比广板largo稍快)慢的，庄严的但是华贵的，堂皇的少些十分，很活动的( meno mosso:稍慢)motononprestosenza(=sforzando/sforzato )simile/sim.sostenutotenutotroppovivace , vwo（二）演奏符号movement( con moto : with movement )notmore(faster than allegro)withoutaccented,forcedin the same waysustainedheldtoo much( non troppo : not too much )lively , quickthe note should be held for its full time-value ,and generally slightlydetached(=tenuto)the note should be played as short as possibleand perhaps accented too( =staccatissimo) accentedstrongeraccent(usually stronger than> )the notes should be slightly separated (=mezzo-staccato/se mi-staccato )活动( con moto:稍快)不是更多地快(比快板allegro更快)没有，去除重音，加强地( =sforzando/sforzato )如前的方式演奏持续的保持(要奏足该音的时值)太多( non troppo:不太多)有生气的，轻快的要奏足该音符的时值，各音之间稍间歇(=tenuto)短断音，发音比一般断音更短促，有时还有重音的意思( =staccatissimo)重音强重音(力度通常比>更强)半断音，即音符需要略微断开(=mezzo-staccato/semi-staccato)演奏术语adagiettoad libitum,ad lib.agitatoalla breve.amoreanimaanimatobenbriocomododecisodelicatoenergicoforzalargamenteleggieromarcato . marc..marzialemestopesanteprima, primorisoluto三级：ritmicorubato ,tempo rubatorather slow(but faster than adagio) optional or at will agitatedwith each beat as a minim( orinstead of ) love ( amoroso : loving )soul, spirit(con anima: with feeling/ spirited )animated ,lively( animando : becomingmore lively )wellvigour(con brio : with vigour, lively ) convenient(tempo comodo:at a tom-fortable speed )with determinationdelicateenergeticforcebroadlylightmarked,accentedmartial , war-likesadheavyfirstbold, strongrhythmicallywith some freedom of time稍慢(但比adagio略快)随意处理激动地以二分音符作为一拍(以或代替 )爱情(amoroso:富于爱意地)心灵、精神(con anima:有感情地/生气勃勃地)活泼地(animando:更加活泼地)很好活力(con brio:有活力地)舒适的(tempo comodo:舒适的速度)决断、有决心地优美的、精致的富于精力的力量广阔地轻、轻巧的强调、有力地勇敢的、尚武的忧伤的强力的第一勇敢、刚强的富于节奏感地自由的速度scherzando,scherzososeconda,secondosemplicesemprestringendflsubitotantotranquillotriste ,tristamente voltaplayful,joking secondsimple , plain alwaysgradually getting fastersuddenlyso muchcalmsad , sorrowful time(pramavolta:first time; seconda volta: second time)幽默、诙谐的第二简单、朴素的持续地逐渐加快速度突然地许多、太多平静的忧伤、悲痛的次、遍(prima volta:第一次;seconda volta:第二次)con sordini,con sord.senza sordini，senza sord.arcopizzicato, pizz.sul Gsul ponticellouna corda ( .)tre corde.)manomano destra.)mano sinistra ( .)affettuosoaffrettandowith muteswithout mutesplay with the bow(adirectionafter pizzicato )down bowup bowa slur over or under two ormorenotes meaning that they areto beplayed with one stroke ofthe bowpluckedon the G stringnear the bridge( literally : onestring )press the left( soft ) pedal四级：(一)音乐术语和符号Musical termsand signs只用于某些特定乐器上的术语和符号。