第六讲现在完成时
1.概念：
1）、表示动作或状态在过去已经开始, 持续到现在, 也许还要持续下去,常和for, since, 连用, 表示持续的动作或状态多为延续性动词.
eg: We have lived here since 2000.
自从2000年以来我们一直住在这里. ( 说明一直住在这里, 也许还会住下去. )
She has worked in Nanning for five years.
She has been ill for a week.
2）表示过去发生的或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果.
eg: I have lost my pen. 我把钢笔弄丢了. ( 过去某时丢的, 现在还没有找到)
I have already watched the TV play. 我已经看过这部电视剧了.
--- Have you had your lunch yet ? 你吃过午饭了吗?
--- Yes, I have just had it. 是的, 我刚吃过. ( 说明现在饱了)
2. 结构: 主语+ have / has + done + …
3. 句型: ⑴肯定句: ①主语+ have / has + done + …
eg：She has been to Shanghai. 她去过上海.
I have finished doing my homework. 我已经完成我的作业了.
⑵否定句: ①主语+ have / has + not +done + …
eg：I haven’t seen this film. 我没有看过这部电影.
eg：She hasn’t finished doing his homework. 她还没有完成她的作业.
⑶一般疑问句：① Have / Has + 主语+ done + …
eg: Have you seen this film ? Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t .
你看过这部电影吗? 是的, 看过. / 不, 没有.
eg：Has she finished do ing his homework ? Yes, she has . / No, she hasn’t.
她完成她的作业了吗? 是的, 完成了. / 不, 没有.
⑷特殊疑问句：①特殊疑问词+ have / has + 主语+ done + …
eg: When has you seen this film ? 你什么时候看的这部电影?
eg: Who has finished doing his homework ? 谁完成了作业?
4. 时间状语：典型的表时间的词与现在完成时连用，这些词有：
for 、since、already、yet、ever、never、recently、just、before、so far、by now、…
等连用.
注意: for+一段时间since+过去的某一个时间点
I have lived in Nanning for ten years.
I have lived in Nanning since ten years ago/ 2002.
I haven’t eaten anything for ten hours.
I ha haven’t eaten anything since 6am.
already :用于肯定句, 可放在助动词之后、过去分词之前，也可放在句末.
I have already finished my homework.
yet: 用在疑问句中意为”已经”, 用在否定句中表示”还”, 常放在句末.
Have you finished your homework yet?
I haven’t finished my homework yet.
ever: 曾经用于疑问句中：
Have you ever been to Beijing?
Have you ever been to Shanghai ? 你去过上海吗?
never: 未曾从未
I have never traveled by plane before. 我以前从来没有乘飞机旅行过.
recently：最近用于肯定否定疑问句中
I have been busy recently.
We have not seen Tom recently.
Have they been here recently.
eg: I have just seen Tom.
I haven’t heard of it before. 我以前从来没有听说过这件事.
They have planted 2000 trees so far.
The child has learned 100 English words by now.
5. 当与一段时间连用时, 经常用for 加一段时间, 这时候谓语动词一定要用延续性的.
非延续性动词----延续性动词
改错：They have got married for ten years. I have borrowed this book for a week.
get married--- be married borrow --- keep
come ---- be here go --- be away / off buy --- have
start / begin --- be on leave --- be away die --- be dead
arrive---be in/at join---be in /be a member of stop---be over
return----be back open/close---be closed/open
eg: He came here three days ago. 他三天前来的这. (一般过去时)
He has been here for three days. 他来这已经三天了.
(现在完成时与一段时间连用, 非延续性动词变延续性动词. )
He went to Dalian last week. 他上周去的大连. ( 一般过去时)
He has been away for a week. 他已经离开有一周了. ( 现在完成时)
I bought the book last month. 我去年买的这本书. ( 一般过去时)
I have had the book for a month. 我保管这本书有一周了. ( 现在完成时)
The football match started an hour ago.
The football match has been on for an hour.
6. 词义辨析
have been to 曾经去过某地，说话时已经从某地回来或者已从该地去了其他的地方。
eg: I have been to Canada. 我去过加加拿大.
have gone to 已经去了某地，书说话时还未回来。
eg: He has gone to Dalian. 他去了大连.
have been in 已在某地待了多久，大地方用in 小地方用at, 后面是副词则不用介词The Greens have been in China for two years.
7. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：
1）、侧重点不用，现在完成时是与现在有关的时态，侧重于过去的动作对现在造成影响，
而一般过去时是一种过去的时态，侧重于表示过去的动作，与现在无关。
I went the zoo yesterday. 尽说昨天去了动物园，与现在无关。
Li lei has read the book. 说明李雷理解那本书。
2）、与现在完成时连用的时间状语有：for 、since、already、yet、ever、never、recently、just、before、so far、by now、而一般过去时则常与yesterday, ago last, in 20000, just now, 连用。