动词不定式1.动词不定式的构成形式构成例子动词肯定式to(不定式符号)+动词原形to speak不否定式not+to+动词原形not to speak定式疑问式疑问词+to+动词原形how to speak不to+动词原形+宾语to speak English定to+动词原形+状语to speak loudly式to+动词原形+宾语+状语to speak English loudly短语to+be+表语to be a teacher2.动词不定式的功能功能结构特点例句主 a.常用it做形式主语,动词不定式做It’s useful for us to learn English well真正的主语,放在句子后面。
基本结构是学好英语对我们来说是很有用的。
语It is/was +adj.(for/of sb.)+to do sthb.常用It takes sb sometime to do sth.结构It took me ten minutes to get there.宾 a.用在及物动词之后I want to buy a computer.b.常用it做形式宾语,动词不定式做真正的I think it important to learn English well.宾语,放在句子的后面。
基本结构我认为学好英语很重要。
语是:主语+谓语动词+it+adj.+to do sth表语 a.用在连系动词之后my job is to feed animals.定 a.动词不定式做定语时应后置,表示将要发生I want to the first one to get to the top of the语的动作。
被修饰语是不定式的逻辑主语或宾语。
mountain. 我想成为第一个到达山顶的人。
宾语 a.用在宾语之前,否定形式一般是在The teacher told you not to talk in class.补足语不定式前加not状语 a.表示目的I usually go to see my grandparents.b.表示原因I’m glad to see you here.c.表示结果the shoes are too small for me to wear.d.表示程度tom is old enough to go to school.说明:为避免重复使用动词,常用to代替不定式短语。
--would you like to go swimming? --yes, I’d love to .用法诀窍:to加动原是不定,非谓不做谓语用。
有时有态无人称,功能如同名副形。
可做宾状主表定,疑问副代可连用。
宾补有to无to分两种,to前加not是否定。
用动词不定式作宾语的动词(短语)和跟双宾语的动词1.用动词不定式作宾语的动词(短语)动词(短语)短语形式例句说明Ask,decide,hope,want,agree +to do I agree to teach them English 这些动词只能接动词choose,wish,would like 不定式作宾语hate,like,love,prefer,begin,stare +to do sth/doing sth I like singing, but now I don’t like to sing. 差别意义不大try,forget,remember,stop,go on +to do sth/doing sth please remember to lock the door 意义差别很大。
Help + to do sth /do sth kate usually helps to do some housework at home to可省略Need +to do sth/doing sth you need to go home quickly,加动词不定式表示助动意义。
Your shoes need mending.加ing表示被动意义。
Ask,choose,decide,forget, 9 +疑问词+to do sth I don’t know how to answer this question. 疑问词why没有know,learn,aee,show,teach ,tell,understand,find out 次用法,不定式的逻辑主语常是句子的主语。
2.跟双宾语的动词。
概述:有些及物动词可以接两个宾语,直接宾语和间接宾语,前者指物,表示动作的承受着或结果,后者常指人,表示动作的执行者或者对象。
结构:a.动词+间接宾语+直接宾语+sb+sth please pass me the bookb.动词+直接宾语+介词(to/for)+间接宾语+sth to/for+sb please pass the cheese to me说明1.当直接宾语为人称代词时,用结构b please pass it to me2.当直接宾语比间接宾语短时,常用结构b lei feng always gave his seat to an old personor a person with a baby.3.当强调间接宾语时,多用结构b。
dad bought the book doe me, not for you4.在give,pass,show,hand.lend,return,sell.send,take,bring 等动词后,常用to表示给,强调动作的对象。
I’m sorr,I’ve lent the book to kate5.在buy,get,make,choose,cook,do fingd,sing等动词之后常用for表示“为,替”强调动作的目的。
Please get two kilos of eggs for me.一、作主语,可以用it代替,it叫形式主语,动词不定式放在后面叫真正主语2. It’s dangerous to drive very fast.1.To learn a foreign language is not easy. It is not easy to learn a foreign language.二、作表语My idea is to ring him up at once. 我的想法是马上给他打电话。
如果主语部分含实义动词do,且作表语的动词又是“do”的内容,这时表语不定式的“to”可以省略。
如:All I did was wait here. 我能做的就是在这里等。
三、常可接动词不定式作宾语的动词有:agree(同意), hope(希望), decide(决定), need(需要),mean(打算), wish(希望), fail(失败), want(想要), begin(开始), would like(想要)等。
He has decided to go to the countryside. 他已决心去乡下。
四、“疑问词+ 动词不定式”结构可以作动词know、think、find out等的宾语。
I don’t know who to ask. 我真不知道该问谁。
五、“疑问词+ 动词不定式”可以作动词show、teach、ask 等后面的直接宾语。
She told me where to find the earphone. 她告诉我什么地方可以找到耳机。
六、如果宾语太长,可用it作形式宾语,构成“主语+ 谓语+ it + 宾语不足语(名词或形容词) + to do sth”结构,谓语动词常为find、think、feel等。
I found it difficult to stop him. 我发现拦截他很困难。
七、动词不定式可以作介词的宾语。
Autumn harvest is about to start. 秋收即将开始。
I’m worrying about what to do next. 我正愁下一步该怎么办。
八、作定语的动词不定式与被修饰词有动宾关系。
I have a lot of books to read. 我有许多书要读。
此时,如果动词定式动词为不及物动词,后面的介词绝对不能省略。
We had only a cold room to live in. 我们只有寒室一间。
九、作定语的动词不定式与被修饰词有主谓关系。
He is always the first to come and the last to leave. 他总是第一个到,最后一个走。
十、作定语的动词不定式与被修饰词之间只有修饰关系。
We have no time to go to town today. 今天我们没有时间去城里。
十一、作状语的动词不定式常表示目的、原因、方向、结果等。
I’m glad to meet you. 见到你,我很高兴。
They ran over to welcome the foreign guests. 他们跑过来欢迎外宾。
十二、不定式复合结构“for sb to do sth”可用作主语、表语、定语、状语等。
It’s for her to decide. 这得由她来决定。
(表语)There are many books for you to read. 这有许多书供你阅读。
(定语)The book ids too difficult for children to read. 这本书太难了,孩子们看动词不定式afford aim appear agree arrange ask be decide bother care choose come dare demand desire determine expect elect endeavor hope fail happen help hesitate learn long mean manage offer ought plan prepare pretend promise refuse seem tend wait wish undertake2. 不带to的不定式结构以下几种情况使用不带to的动词不定式:(1)在固定词组had better之后。
注意:had better的否定形式是had better not do sth.。
如:You had better go home now.你最好现在回家。
It’s cold outside. You’d better not go o ut.外面很冷,你最好不要出去。
(2)在let, make, see, feel, watch, hear等感官或使役动词后,要跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。