Unit 1Passage A1. Taxes are a(n) obligation which may fall on everybody.2. We applauded the authority’s decision not to close the hospital.3. The doctor’s instruc tions must be fulfilled exactly; the sick man’s life depends on it.4. Do these opinion polls really mirror what people are thinking?5. I prefer to think of memorization as a stepping-stone to flexibility in use of words and phrases.6. In her office memos she tended to devalue the work done by her staff.7. The history of railroad transport has partly been a history of striving for greater efficiency and profit.8. He took on the new post without having the faintest idea of what it entailed.9. He is supposedly one of the greatest experts in that field.10. Absolute secrecy is essential. Consequently, the fewer who are aware of the project the better.Passage B1. Some people do, and some people do not, believe in equality of opportunity.2. He bravely sustained a great loss from the death of his father.3. Police have still found no clue as to the whereabouts of the missing woman.4. In designing a bridge, one must allow for expansiveness in hot weather.5. One of the workmen was sacked for his always being drunk.6. When boundaries between countries are not clearly defined, there is usually trouble.7. Gardening is outside the sphere of my activities.8. She said that the hat made me look silly, but perhaps that was sour grapes.9. The newspapers are full of such depressing news nowadays as crime, natural disasters, and rising prices.10. The division of the world into developed and underdeveloped nations is a gross simplification.汉翻英： 1. 随着职务的提升，他担负的责任也更大了。
(take on)With his promotion, he has taken on greater responsibilities.2. 他感到没有必要再一次为约翰承担这样的责任了. (make a commitment)He felt he did not have to make such a commitment to John any more.3. 闲暇时玛丽喜欢外出购物，与她相反，露西却喜欢呆在家里看书。
(as opposed to) Mary likes to go shopping in her spare time, as opposed to Lucy, who prefers to stay at home reading.4. 说得好听一些，可以说他有抱负，用最糟糕的话来说，他是一个没有良心且没有资格的权利追求者. (at best, at worst)At best, he is ambitious, and at worst a power-seeker without conscience or qualifications.5. 我们已尽全力想说服他，但是却毫无进展. (strive, make no headway)We have striven to the full to convince him, but we have made no headway.英译汉1.It seems that the only time fathers merit attention is when they are criticized for nothelping enough with the housework…or when they die.看起来似乎父亲唯一值得人们提及的是因为他们做家务太少而受到指责的时候，或者实在他们去世的时候。
2.One exception to the ―unnecessary father‖ syndrome is the glowing m edia attention thatat-home dads have received.这种―无需父亲‖综合症的一个例外是家庭全职父亲所受到的媒体的赞扬。
3.By the same token, sole wage earners have less flexibility when it comes to leavingunsatisfying careers because of the loss of income such a job change entails.同样，家庭唯一的工资收入者在想辞去不太满意的工作时，其灵活程度也要小一些，因为这种工作变换会使他们失去收入。
4.Today, there is widespread agreement among researchers that the absence of fathersfrom households causes serious problems for children and, consequently, for society at large. 目前，研究者们普遍认为，家庭中没有父亲会对小孩--继而对整个社会--带来严重的问题。
5. As a society, we need to realize that fathers are just as important to children as mothers are — not only for financial support, but for emotional support, education and discipline as well. 作为一个社会，我们需要认识到，对于孩子来说，父亲是与母亲同等重要的，不仅仅在经济支持上，而且在情感依靠、教育和纪律训导当面都是如此。
Unit 2Passage A1.Countless fossil discoveries allow us to trace evolution of today’s organism from earlierforms.2. All legislation, all government, all society is formed upon the principle of mutual concession, politeness and courtesy.3. Several euro-zone governments object to the arrangement, which they said put them at disadvantage.4. It could take decades before people finally accept that everything they believed to be eternally true was merely a temporary set of measures that worked for a limited period of time.5. Researchers have found that artificial substitutes for the natural sweeteners actually increase one’s appetite and make him eat more.6. Indeed, many college students do not select their ultimate career path immediately after they graduate.7. We can not attach too much importance to self-discipline in one’s success.8. An electronic dictionary has an edge over a printed one — all its information can be refreshed constantly.9. Advertising adds to societal definition of beauty and makes many of us aspire to resemble models that grace the cover of magazines.10. In most of the Western world, suicide is not a crime, but helping another commit it is. Passage B1.I was really embarrased when I knocked over the cup of tea on my tea cher’s desk.2. The literacy council will begin a training program for volunteers who will go to tutor the farmers in the remote areas.3. The western part of China has enormous potential for economic development, but a lot of investment is also needed.4. Weather in Britain defies forecast and hence is an object of interest and speculation toeveryone.5. The sports writers all predicted the American basketball team would not yield the first place to Russian.6. She has a great affection for the nursery of children and the children all like her very much.7. To dress neatly and attractively in an outfit is appropriate to the job.8. Professor David asked one of the students to give a presentation on American thriller movies.9. She thinks her boyfriend is romantic because he sends her a rose every morning.10. The chairman made a recommendation on the firm’s investment abroad to the board of directors.汉翻英1. 宪法规定公民享有言论自由。