液体活检在肝癌中的应用
NA(cfDNA)
主要指来自于抗凝的外周血全血, 完整的肿瘤细胞
主要指来自于抗凝血外周血的血浆,片段化 的DNA片段
一般认为来源于肿瘤原发灶/转移灶
肿瘤瘤细胞凋亡/坏死释放的DNA片段
活细胞,一般不宜长期保存
提取纯化后的核酸,可以保存
可以用于细胞学形态、结构分析;也可以分 析细胞DNA、RNA、蛋白质等各类标志物
• f, The ROC of cd-score and AFP for HCC diagnosis in whole HCC cohort.
• 现有的肝癌标志物甲胎蛋白AFP敏感性只 有60%左右。
• 文章报导与常规的甲胎蛋白检测相比,通 过检测少量血液中循环肿瘤DNA(ctDNA) 特定位点甲基化水平,可将肝癌早期诊断 敏感性从60%提升至84.9%。
• Overall survival curves of HCC patients with low or high risk, according to the combined prognosis score (cpscore) in the training (a) and validation data sets (b).
• d, cd-score in normal controls and HCC patients before surgery, after surgery, and with recurrence.
• e, cd-score in normal controls and HCC patients from stage I–IV.
近年报道ctDNA在肝癌中的相关研究1
• 1.Role of circulating tumor DNA to help decision-making in hepatocellular carcinoma.(Oncoscience. 2018 Aug 22;5(7-8):209-211. )
• 2.Clinical applications of liquid biopsy as prognostic and predictive biomarkers in hepatocellular carcinoma: circulating tumor cells and circulating tumor DNA.(J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2018 Sep 3;37(1):213. )
2、血浆游离肿瘤DNA( Cell-Free's Circulating Tumor DNA,ctDNA)
什么是ctDNA ?
ctDNA(circulating tumor DNA),即循环肿瘤DNA,从字面意思来讲,指的是由肿瘤细胞释放到血液循环 系统中的DNA。但是在了解ctDNA之前,我们要知道另一个与之相关的概念——cfDNA。
• 3.Circulating tumor DNA detection in hepatocellular carcinoma.(Ann Oncol. 2018 May 1;29(5):1094-1096. )
• 4.Next-Generation Sequencing of Circulating Tumor DNA Reveals Frequent Alterations in Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma.(Oncologist. 2018 May;23(5):586-593.)
cfDNA(cell-free DNA),或者叫血浆游离DNA,是血浆中游离存在的DNA,它们有的来自于正常细胞,有 的来自于异常细胞(如肿瘤细胞),还有部分来自于我们外部(如病毒DNA)。
来源: 1、来自于坏死的肿瘤细胞 2、来自于凋亡的肿瘤细胞 3、来自于肿瘤细胞分泌的外排物 4、循环肿瘤细胞
“液态活检”的标记物
• Vimentin(+)-CTCs accurately discriminated early-stage, LT eligible patients (median: 0 CTCs) from locally advanced/metastatic, LT ineligible patients (median: 6 CTCs; AUROC=0.89, p<0.0001; sensitivity=87.1%, specificity=90.0%).
的小泡,小泡中包含蛋白质、DNA、信使 RNA以及一些非编码RNA,是细胞之间沟 通的载体,研究发现这些外泌体与肿瘤的
发生、发展、转移以及抗药性具有一定的 相关性。
二、肝癌与循环肿瘤细胞
• Utilizing triple-antibody multimarker capture HCC-CTCs,HCC-CTCs were found in 59/61(96.7%) patients with HCC (median=6, range=0–23). Occasional patients with NMLD were found to have low numbers of CTCs (median:1, range:0–7), particularly those with inflammatory adenomas.
Among the patients who were negative for portal vein tumor thrombus, the probability of recurrence was significantly higher in mesenchymal CTC-positive patients than in mesenchymal CTC-negative patients (P < 0.001, Fig. 2) over increasing follow-up durations.(J Gastrointest Surg. 2018; 22(4): 633–639. )
近年报道ctDNA在肝癌中的相关研究2
• 5.Analysis of Tissue and Circulating Tumor DNA by NextGeneration Sequencing of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Implications for Targeted Therapeutics.(Mol Cancer Ther. 2018 May;17(5):1114-1122. )
• 6.Circulating tumor DNA profiling reveals clonal evolution and real-time disease progression in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.(Int J Cancer. 2017 Sep 1;141(5):977-985. )
CTC应用和意义
肿瘤转移 预测
监测早期 转移
乳腺癌、前列腺癌 结肠癌、肺癌、胃癌、 肝癌、胰腺癌多种肿瘤
CTCs
肿瘤治疗
CTCs数量改变反映了肿瘤细胞对各种治 疗方案的敏感性和有效性,为个体化治疗
提供依据。
监测CTCs基因表达/突变,找到药物敏 感的靶点,指导个体化治疗
CTC临床应用
• 1.辅助诊断。在常规手段无法对早期肿瘤进行判断时进行。 • 2.疗效评估。癌症患者进行化疗、靶向治疗后进行CTC检
• vimentin(+)-CTCs were highly associated with inferior OS (HR: 2.21, 95%CI: 1.38–3.52, p=0.001) (Fig.A).
• CTCs were able to discriminate outcomes in the subset of potentially curable patients undergoing locoregional therapy (resection, n=9; transplantation, n=5; RFA, n=11, and TACE, n=5). In this subset of 30 patients who radiographically demonstrated no residual disease following treatment, the presence of any pre-treatment vimentin(+)-CTCs were associated with faster TTR (HR:3.14, 95%CI: 1.50–6.57, p=0.002)(Fig.B).
-- Christian Rolfo, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 2013.
液体活检与传统活检比较
液体活检作为体外诊断的一个分支,
是指一种非侵入式的血液测试,能监测肿瘤 或转移灶释放到血液的循环肿瘤细胞(CTC)、 循环肿瘤DNA(ctDNA)碎片以及外泌体 ,是 检测肿瘤和癌症、辅助治疗的突破性技术。
液体活检在肝癌中的应用
郴州市第一人民医院(集团) 罗迪贤
目录
一、液体活检 二、肝癌与循环肿瘤细胞 三、肝癌与血浆游离肿瘤DNA 四、肝癌与外泌体 五、我们的研究:GSme技术
一、液体活检
传统而又崭新的检测技术--“液态活检”
• 定义: A liquid biopsy is a liquid biomarker that can be easily isolated from many body fluids blood, saliva, urine, ascites, pleural effusion, etc.) and, as well as a tissue biopsy, a representative of the tissue from which it is spread.