2011年1月省高等教育自学考试英语语言学问卷课程代码06422）I.Blank-filling (20%)Fill in the following blanks with a word ,whose initial letter has been given.1. The 3 branches of phonetics are labeled articulatory phonetics ,auditory phonetics ,and a__________ phonetics.2. When 2 different forms are identical in every way except for one sound segment which occurs in the same place in the strings ,they are said to be in a m_________ pair .3. R__________ motivation refers to the fact that learners learn a second language for external purposes .4. Later Noam Chomsky prefers this innate endowment as UG ,i.e. U_____ Grammar.5. In "NP → （Deg )A(pp)……", the dots in the rule indicate that other c________ options are available .6. The articulatory apparatus of human being are contained in 3 important areas :the p______ cavity，the oral cavity ,and the nasal cavity.7. L________ refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community .8. H________ refers to the sense relation between a more general ,more inclusive word and a more specific word .9. The description of a language at a given point in time is a s______ study.10. The study of how speakers of a language use sentences to effect successful communication is called p_________.11. The structure corresponding to the final syntactic output of the sentence which results from appropriate transformations is called s______ structure.12. The term d________, first used by Ferguson in 1959,refers to a sociolinguistic situation similar to bilingualism .13. Learners' independent system of the second language which is of neither the second language is known as i______.14. The sound ［p］in pit is pronounced with a strong puff of air, which is said to be a________.15. C_______ model states that in word comprehension words are analyzed by hearers from beginning to end.16. S______ is concerned with the inherent meaning of the linguistic form and is the collection of all the features of the linguistic form .17. Major lexical categories are Noun, Verb , Adjective , and P___________.18. S_______ is the sub-field of linguistics that studies the relation between linguistic and society between the uses of language and social structures.19. P________ is concerned with the progress of language comprehension and production.20. Linguistics studies not any particular language ,but languages in g____.II. Multiple choice(20%)Choose the best answer to the following items.21. __refers to the study of the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed .A.SyntaxB. EtymologyC. LexicologyD. Morphology22. ___ aims to discover how speech sounds in a language form patterns and how these sounds are used to convey meaning in linguistic communication .A. PhoneticsB. PhonemicsC. PhonologyD. Phonotactics23. Language ___ refers to a natural ability for learning a second language.A. aptitudeB. competenceC. performanceD. attitude24. ___ is a personal dialect of an individual speaker that combines elements regarding regional ,social, gender, and age variations .A. IdiolectB. PidginC. SociolectD. Creole25. A(n) ___ is a word formed by combining parts of other words , e.g. smog .A. back -formationB. blendC. abbreviationD. clipping26. The traditional and the only way to study the brain in the past was through ____ studies .A. experimentalB. surgicalC. autopsyD. observational27.___ refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form ,i.e. Different words are identical in sound or spelling ,or in both .A. PolysemyB. SynonymC. HomophoneD. Homonymy28.The arrow in the phrase structure rule "S→NP VP " is read as ___.A. is equal toB. generatesC. hasD. consists of29.___ of neighbouring sound is , for the most part ,caused by articulatory or physiological progress .A. AssimilationB. FormalizationC. DerivationD. Patterning30.The drive that people learn a foreign language because of the wish to identify with the target culture is called ____ motivation .A. instrumentalB. resultativeC. integrativeD. intrinsic31There are different types of affixes pr morphemes .The affix "ed" in the word "learned" is known as a(n) __.A.derivational morphemeB. free morphemeC. inflectional morphemeD. free form32.If a linguistic study aims to describe and analyzed the language people actually use ,it is said to be ___A. descriptiveB. prescriptiveC. synchronicD. diachronic33.Transformational Generative Grammar was introduced by __ in 1957.A. L. BloomfieldB. F. SaussureC. N. ChomskyD.M.A.K Halliday34. Of the following sound combination ,only ___ is permissible according to the sequential rules in English .A. mibleB. bmilC. imlbD. ilbm35 Which of the following English words is formed by clipping ?A. smogB.UNESCOC. baby-sitD. disco36 Of the following words ,____ belongs to the open class word .A. emaiB. butC. theD. they37 The sense relation for the pair of words "doctor and patient "is __A. synonymyB. hyponymyC. antonymyD. homonymy38 In learning a foreign language,instances of mother tongue interference can be found act the level of ___.A. pronunciationB. vocabularyC. syntaxD. all of the above39 According to F .de Saussure,____ refers to the system of language .A. langueB. paroleC. competenceD. performance40.The utterance "We 're already working 25 hours a day, 8 days a week " obviously violates the maxim of ___A. qualityB. quantityC. relationD. mannerIII. True of false judgement (20%)Judge whether the following statements are true or false .Write T in ye corresponding bracket for a true statement and F for a false one .41.Damage to parts of the brain in front of the central sulcus will cause fluent aphasia .42.D-structure is formed by the XP rule in accordance with the head's supercanonization properties .43.An illocution act is the act performed by or resulting from saying something .It is the consequence of the utterance .44.The LAD was described as an imaginary "black box "which is said to contain rules that are specific only to human languages .ponential analysis is a way proposed by the structure semantics to analyze lexical word meaning .46.Garden path sentence is an awkward sentence that misleads the speakers and takes them down the garden path to a wrong direction .47.Acronyms are words derives from the initials and ending of several words .48. Diglossia refers to the dialect having to do with separation brought about by different social conditions.49.In daily life people often see the situation in which adult speak differently when talking to little children ,they use a special speech called motherese.50.Phonology is the study of how speech sounds are produced by human speech organs IV. Explain the following notions briefly (25%)51.broad transcription vs narrow transcription52.selection restriction53.speech act theory54.Critical Period Hypothesis55.Draw a tree diagram for the surface structure of "A man will find the dog"V. Write a passage of 120-150 words on the following topic .(15%)56. What are the major views concerning the study of meaning ?部分参考答案：1. acoustic2. minimal3. Resultative4. Universal5. complement6. pharyngeal7. Langue8. Hyponymy9.synchronic 10. pragmatics11.surface 12. diaglossia 13. Interlanguage 14. aspirated 15. Cohort16. Sense 17. Preposition 18. Siciolinguistics 19. Psycholinguistics 20. general21. D 22.C 23.A 24.A 25. B 26. C 27. D 28.D 29. A 30.C31. C 32.A 33.C 34. A 35.D 36. A 37. C 38.D 39.A 40.A41.F 42.F 43. F 44.T 45.T 46. F 47. F 48.F 49. T 50.F2011年10月省高等教育自学考试英语语言学问卷（课程代码06422）I.Blank-filling (20%)Fill in the following blanks with a word, whose initial letter has been given.1. The totality of linguistic varieties possessed by an individual constitutes his linguistic r_______.2. I________ motivation refers to learners learning the second language for enjoyment or pleasure from learning.3. The phonetic transcription, n______ transcription ,is normally used by phoneticians to give minute and detailed descriptions of speech sounds.4. The way that new words are coined from already existing words by “subtracting ” an affix thought to be part of the old word is called b_______.5. The meaning of a word can be dissected into meaning components called semantic f_______.6. In addition to social changes, one of the most pervasive sources of language change seems to be the continual process of cultural t________ across generations.7. P______ is the study of sounds used in linguistic communication.8. When the vocal cords are drawn wide apart to let air go through without vibration, the sounds thus produced are v_________.9. The social group that is singled out for any special study is named as the s_______ community.10. According to N. Chomsky, c________ refers to the idea l user ’s knowledge of the rules of his language .11. P_____ refers to the realization of langue in actual use.12. The notion of c_______ is essential to the pragmatic study of language.13. Damage to parts of the left cortex behind the central sulcus results in a type of aphasia called f_____ aphasia.14. The c__________ view of meaning is based on the presumption that one can derive meaning from or reduce meaning to observable contexts.15. Lexical d________ task is a kind of experiment psycholinguistics employ to investigate lexical access.16. A theory which explicitly empl oys the notion “concept ”is the semantic t________ proposed by Ogden and Richards in their book The Meaning of Meaning.17. Clear [ l ] and dark [ l ] are allophones of the same one phoneme /l/. They never take the same position in sound combinations, thus they are said to be in c_________ distribution.18. Since there are often intermediate forms between the two members of an antonymous pair, so they are called g________ antonyms.19. S_______ is concerned with the inherent meaning of the linguistic form.20. A t_______ experiment is a technique that is used to study the determinants of sentence processing difficulty.II. Multiple choice(15%)Choose the best answer to the following items.21. Changes in a language are changes in the grammar of the speakers of the language. This means that phonemes,_______, words and grammatical rules may be borrowed , added , lost or altered.A. phrasesB. sentencesC. morphemesD. utterance22. The consonant [ f ] in English can be correctly described as having the following phonetic features :A. voiceless, bilabial, stopB. voiceless, labiodental, fricativeC. voiced , bilabial, stopD. voiced, labiodental, fricative23.The study of language as a whole is often called ______.A. universal linguisticsB. common linguisticsC. prescriptive linguisticsD. general linguistics24.In the phrase structure rule “S→NP VP”，the arrow can be read as _______.A. is equal toB. consists ofC. hasD. generates25.The illocutionary point of _____is to express the psychological state specified in the utterance.A. representativesB. commissivesC. expressives D declarations26.Transformational Generative Grammar was introduced by _____ in 1957.A. L. BloomfieldB. F. SaussureC. N. ChomskyD.M.A.F. Halliday27._____ motivation occurs when the learner desires to learn a second language because of the wish to identify with the target culture.A. InstrumentalB. FunctionalC. IntegrativeD. Social28.While different words may have the same or similar meaning , the same word may have more than one meaning. This kind of words are called _________.A. polysemic wordsB. homographsC. homonymsD. synonyms29.The term _____ linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language changes over various periods of time and at various historical stages.A. synchronicB. diachronicC. comparativeD. historical comparative30.Speech act theory was origin ated with the British philosopher ____ in the late 50’s of the 20th century.A. M.A.F. HallidayB. L. Bloomfield C . J. Searle D. J. Austin31.If the linguistic study aims to lay down rules for correct and standard behavior in using language ,it is said to be _______.A. descriptiveB. prescriptiveC. synchronicD. diachronic32.In the case of spit, the consonant [ p ] is said to be _____.A. aspiratedB. voicedC. unaspiratedD. unprounceable33.What the elemen t “-es ” indicates is third person singular ,present tense ,the element “-ed ” past tense, and“-ing ”progressive aspect .Since they are the smallest units of language and meaningful ,they are also _______.A. phonemesB. phonesC. allophonesD. morphemes34.Synoymous are classified into several kinds .This kind to which ‘girl ’ and ‘lass ’ belong is called ___ synonyms.A. stylisticB. dialectalC. emotiveD. collocational35.In a speech community People have something in common _____: a language or a particular variety of language and rules for using it..A.sociallyB. linguisticallyC. culturallyD. pragmaticallyIII. True of false judgement (20%)36. The interactionist view holds that language develops as a result of the complex interplay between the human characteristics of the child and the environment in which the child develops .37. A creole is said to be formed when a pidgin has become the primary language of a speech community ,and is acquired by the children of that speech community as their native language .38. Garden path sentence is an awkward sentence that misleads the speakers and takes them down the garden path to a wrong direction .39. A phoneme is the smallest linguistic unit of sound that can distinguish two words .40. Register refers to the type of utterance which is selected as appropriate to the type oftypology .41. Phonology studies the functioning of the speech sounds.42. Predication analysis was proposed by the British linguist J. Searle to analyze the meaning of utterance .43. Specifiers have both special semantic and syntactic roles since they help make more precise the meaning of the head and mark a phrase boundary.44. Different language offer people different ways of expressing the world around, they think and speak differently, this is also known as linguistic relativity.45. Metacognitive strategies deal with the wayside learners interact or communicate with other speakers, native or non-native .IV. Explain the following notions briefly (25%)46. derivational morpheme47. IPA( International Phonetic Alphabet)48. cultural transmission49. Deep Structure vs. Surface Structure50. The naming theoryV. Essay question (20%)51. According to Austin ,what are the three acts a person is possibly performing while making an utterance ? Give an example.参考答案1.repertoire2.Intrinsic3.narrow4.back-formation5.features6.transmission7.Phonology8.voiceless9.speech petence11.Parole 12.context 1 3. fluent 14.contextualist 15.dicision16.triangle plementary 18.gradable 19.Sense20.timed-reading21. C 22. B 23.D 24. B 25.C 26.C 27.C 28. A 29.B 30.C31.B 32.C 33.D 34.B 35.B36.T 37.T 38.F 39.T 40.F 41.T 42. F 43. T 44.T 45. F46. Morphemes that change the meaning or lexical category of the words to which the y attach. 47. It is a standardized and internationally accepted system of phonetic tran scription.48. While human capacity for language has a genetic basis, i.e., we were all born with the ability to acquire language, the details of any language system are not geneticallytransmitted, but instead have to be taught and learned.Language is passed on from one generation to the next through teaching and learning, rather than by instinct 49. The first, formed by the XP rule in a accordance with the h ead's subcategorization properties ,is called deep stmcture.The second, corresponding to the final syntactic form of the sentence which results fr om appropriate transformations, is called surface structure50. One of the oldest notions concerning meaning, and also a very primitive one, was t he naming theory proposed by the ancient Greek scholar Plato. The words used in a la nguage are taken to be labels of the objects they stand for.51. locutionary act ------the act of uttering words, phrases, clauses. It‟s an act of conveying literal meaning by means of syntax, lexicon, and phonology. Nam ely .,the act of saying something :the utterance of a sentence with determinate sense a nd reference.(言行为指的是用句子来叙述，报告，描写。