被子植物门1
分类
• The number of species of flowering plants is estimated to be in the range of 250,000 to 400,000. • The diversity of flowering plants is not evenly distributed. Nearly all species belong to the dicot (75%), monocot (23%) and magnoliid (2%) clades. • 全世界的被子植物种类有25万种;中国约产2.5万 种;其中木本植物8000余种,被子植物分双子叶 植物纲和单子叶植物纲。这本书采用恩格勒系统。
青杨派Sect. Tracamachacae
• 叶背面苍白色,叶柄圆柱形,叶卵形,基部圆 形或楔形.
青杨 Populus cathyana
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小枝园桶形,幼叶有棱,叶卵形,芽有粘胶. 应用:青杨展叶最早,新叶嫩绿光亮,给人以 春光早临的感觉.树干高,皮青,可做行道树, 庭荫树等.
青杨
帚状黑杨
• 海生藻类时代 • 蕨类时代:远在三亿年前,多为高大乔木群。后灭绝,现多为草本。 • 裸子植物出现在三亿年前,随地史气候多次重大变化而演替变更,繁衍至 今,现存的银杏,油松,铁杉,银杉,金钱松,水杉,水松等都是第三纪 的孑遗植物。 • 被子植物最早出现在一亿年前即中生代侏罗纪,到现在仍是最优势的植物 类群,也就是说在一亿年前有真正的花,典型的花。
Populus lasiocarpa 大叶杨
分布 杨属多数分布华北,华山地区乡土树种。 响叶杨,小叶杨,加杨可分布到长江,滇杨分布 到永贵高原,1100-3200m 生态习性 杨属 阳性树种,喜光喜冷凉,怕高温多雨。青杨稍 耐阴些,银白杨可耐-40。C低温,对水肥非常灵 敏,土壤条件很好,生长很快,一般不耐水湿,不 耐盐碱,但加杨耐水湿、暂时积水。胡杨在沙漠中 可生长,耐盐碱。 杨属对城市环境抗性较强,杨属都为快长树,寿命 短,毛白杨寿命为杨属中最长的,可达200年以 上。青杨发芽早。
双子叶植物纲
Dicotyledons, or "dicots", is a name for a group of Folwering plants whose seed typically has two embryonic leaves or cotyledons. Flower: The flower parts in dicots are multiples of four or five Stem: The stem vascular bundles in dicots are in a ring Roots: Taproot system Leaves: In dicots , the major leaf veins are reticulate的各部4-5基数, 胚常具2枚子叶,双子叶植物的种类约占被子 植物的3/4,其中约有一半的种类是木本植物。 根据花瓣的联合与否,将双子叶植物纲分为离 瓣花亚纲和合瓣花亚纲 Ⅰ 离瓣花亚纲 离瓣花亚纲又称古生花被亚纲,是较原始的被 子植物。花无被、单被或复被。而以花瓣分离 为主要特征。
被子植物门Angiosperm 被子植物门
The flowering plants or angiosperms are the most widespread group of land plants . The flowers of flowering plants are the most remarkable feature distinguishing them from other seed plants. Closed carpel enclosing the ovules (carpel or carpels and accessory parts may become the fruit)
胡杨派Sect. Turanga
• 叶行多变,叶两面灰兰色,花盘脱落,枝 条无顶芽,一枝多种叶形,树干弯曲。
胡杨 P. divetsifolia
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新疆栽培 盐碱地区,风沙地区多种。
大叶杨派Sect.
• 叶大,叶基部心形,叶柄上部扁平,下部圆形, 花盘边缘深裂。 • 大叶杨,椅杨很少见, 园林中无应用。
Land plants have existed for about 425 million years. • Early seed bearing plants, like the ginkgo, and conifers (such as pines and firs), did not produce flowers.辽西地区的 “世界最早的花”辽宁古果,古果科 there is only hard evidence of such flowers existing about 130 million years ago
繁殖 很多种都是无性繁殖,扦插法、留根法。 园林应用 杨属是总状分枝,树形高大、挺直、适应性 强,适合城市环境,常做行道树,但有时与 电线有矛盾,长春用得多,电线地下埋没, 生长快,也常做“四旁”绿化。
柳属 Salix
Willows, sallows and osiers form the genus Salix, around 400 species of deciduous trees and shrubs, found primarily on moist soils in cold and temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Most species are known as willow, but some narrow-leaved shrub species are called osier, and some broader-leaved species are called sallow, Some willows(particularly arctic and alpine species), are low-growing or creeping shrubs (Salix herbacea) rarely exceeds 6 cm in height Willows are very cross-fertile and numerous hybrids occur, both naturally and in cultivation.
杨柳科
• • (1)叶乔木或灌木。(2)单叶互生。 (3)花单性异株,成柔荑花序无花被,单生 于苞腋,雄蕊2—多数,子房上位;(4) 蒴果2—4裂,种子细小,基部有白色丝状 长毛。 共3属,540种,产于温带、亚热带;中国 3属,226种,遍及全国,本科植物很容易 种间杂交,故分类较为困难。 钻天柳属1种,分布东北,雌花直或斜伸, 雄花下垂。
杨属Populus
形态特征 落叶乔木,枝叶粗壮,髓心五角状,顶芽发达。 落叶乔木,枝叶粗壮,髓心五角状,顶芽发达。稀有顶芽 胡杨派),芽鳞多数。 ),芽鳞多数 (胡杨派),芽鳞多数。 • 树形:峭立 新疆杨(圆柱形) 剑杆杨,钻天杨 • 卵形 加杨、青杨、 毛白杨、北京杨、 • 圆形 河北杨 、银白杨、山杨 • 树皮 青灰色光滑 有青杨、毛白杨、银白杨、新疆杨、 北京杨等 单叶互生,有托叶, 叶形较宽,叶柄长。 单叶互生,有托叶, 叶形较宽,叶柄 • 叶形 三角形 钻天杨、加杨 • 圆形、卵形 山杨、河北杨、银白杨、新疆杨 雌雄异株(个别同株) 风媒花粉、 花单性 雌雄异株(个别同株)柔荑花序下垂 、风媒花粉、 苞片多具不规则缺刻、 苞片多具不规则缺刻、花具有杯状花盘 蒴果
• 园林中一般不种雌株,主要考虑种子上 白毛到处飞、污染。
• 杨属分五派(五族、五组)
白杨派sect.leuce
• 幼枝、东芽叶下面被白毛,叶柄通常上边扁平, 幼枝、东芽叶下面被白毛,叶柄通常上边扁平, 下边圆形,叶卵圆形、宽扁形。 下边圆形,叶卵圆形、宽扁形。
毛白杨 Poupulus tomentosa、 、
黑杨派Sect. Aigeirvs
叶呈三角状卵形,叶柄扁平 叶呈三角状卵形 叶柄扁平, 叶柄扁平 叶基部截形. 叶基部截形 加杨 Populus Canadensis • 树冠宽大,树皮灰褐色,粗糙、纵裂,叶大, 叶缘具睫毛,叶基有时具1-2腺体。 • 应用:秋色叶黄,作行道树,庭荫树,工 矿区绿化,“四旁”绿化。
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杨属Populus
Populus species are medium-sized to large or very large deciduous trees.The bark on young trees is smooth, white to greenish or dark grey, often with conspicuous lenticels (皮孔); on old it remains smooth in some species, but becomes rough and deeply fissured(深裂) in others. The shoots are stout alternate leaves with a long petiole (叶柄) . Leaf size is very variable even on a single tree, typically with small leaves on side shoots, and very large leaves on strong-growing lead shoots. The leaves often turn bright gold to yellow before they fall during autumn. The flowers are mostly dioecious (rarely monoecious) and appear in early spring before the leaves. They are borne in long, drooping, sessile or pedunculate (有花梗) 有花梗) catkins Populus is a genus of between 25–35 species of flowering plants in the family Salicaceae, native to most of the Northern Hemisphere