ctural heart
disease with prior or current symptoms
of HF
Refractory HF
requiring specialized
interventions
Stages of Heart Failure
Class I Class II Class III
AHA/ACC Guidelines
Stage A
Stage B
Stage C
Stage D
At high risk Structural
for HF but heart
without disease
structural
but
heart
without
disease or signs or
symptoms symptoms
medications
you drink
Diabetes kidney disease
angina
high blood pressure
heart problems
Assistant Examinations
Blood tests
BNP
Chest Xray
Echocardiogram
EF
Assitant Examinations
全英文心衰PPT
What Is Heart Failure?
Less pumping
power
Slower flow rate of blood
Higher pressure of chamber
The heart can't
provide body
enough blood
Causes
Coronary
aCroterroynary
disaeratesery
disease
What causes heart failure
Heart attack
Cardiomyopathy
Overburdened
Compensation reaction
Compensation
reaction
•Cardiac hypertrophy •Compliance decrease
rich blood that is pumped throughout the body
Diastolic dysfunction
The heart contracts normally, but the ventricle -- the main pumping chamber -- does not relax properly, reducing the amount of blood that can enter the heart and raising blood pressure in the lungs.
No limitation during ordinary activity
Slight limitation by shortness of breath fatigue during
moderate exertion or stress
Symptoms with minimal exertion that interfere with
FrankStarling mechanism
Compensatory mechanism of Neurohumor
Types Of Heart Failure
Systolic dysfunction
When the heart muscle doesn't contract with enough force, there is less oxygen-
Dizziness fatigue
weakness
Diagnosis
Diagnosis
Medical history
Symptoms Physical exams
Assistant examina-
tion
Heart failure
Medical history
Smoke
Drink alcohol and how much
EKG
Stress test
Cardiac catheterization
coronary angiogram
Cardiac MRI
BNP
• BNP is a substance secreted from the heart in response to changes in pressure that occur when heart failure develops and worsens. The level of BNP in the blood increases when heart failure symptoms worsen, and decreases when the heart failure condition is stable. The BNP level in a person with heart failure -- even someone whose condition is stable -- is higher than in a person with normal heart function.
normal daily activity
Class IV
Inability to carry out any physical activity
Symptoms
Congested lungs
Fluid and water
retention
Symtoms
Rapid or irregular heartbeats
EF
• A normal EF is generally between 55% and 75%, which means that over half of the blood volume is pumped out of the heart with each beat. Heart failure may occur as the result of a low EF (called systolic heart failure), or from another cause, such as a valve disorder or from diastolic dysfunction. People with diastolic dysfunction can have a normal EF.