2012年3月专八真题：改错部分The central problem of translating has always been whether to translate literally or freely．The argument has been going since at least the first (1) ______century B.C．Up to the beginning of the 19th century, many writers favoured certain kind of “free” translation: the spirit, not the letter; the (2) _______sense not the word; the message rather the form; the matter not (3) _______the manner．This is the often revolutionary slogan of writers who (4) _______wanted the truth to be read and understood．Then in the turn of the 19th (5) ____ century, when the study of cultural anthropology suggested thatthe linguistic barriers were insuperable and that the language (6) _______was entirely the product of culture, the view translation was impossible (7) _____ gained some currency, and with it that, if was attempted at all, it must be as (8) __ literal as possible．This view culminated the statement of the (9) _______extreme “literalists” Walter Benjamin and Vlad imir Nobokov.The argument was theoretical: the purpose of the translation, the natureof the readership, the type of the text, was not discussed．Too often,writer, translator and reader were implicitly identified with each other．Now, the context has changed, and the basic problem remains．(10) _____参考答案：1．going后加on2．certain改为a certain3．rather改为not4．is 改为was5．in 改为at6．去掉第二个the7．view后面加that8．去掉was9．culminated后面加in10．and 改为but2011年3月专八真题：改错部分From a very early age, perhaps the age of five or six, I knew that when I grew I should be a writer. Between the ages of about seventeen and twenty-four (1)I tried to abandon this idea, but I did so with the conscience (2)that I was outraging my true nature and that soon or later I should have to (3)settle down and write books.I was the child of three, but there was a gap of five years on either side(4)and I barely saw my father before I was eight. For this and other reasons I was somewhat lonely, and I soon developed disagreeing mannerisms which(5)made me unpopular throughout my schooldays. I had the lonely child’s habit of making up stories and holding conversations with imaginative persons, and (6) I think from the very start my literal ambitions were mixed up with(7)the feeling of being isolated and undervalued. I knew that I had a facility with words and a power of facing in unpleasant facts, and I felt that this created (8) a sort of private world which I could get my own back for my failure in everyday life (9) Therefore, the volume of serious —i.e. seriously intended —writing which I produced (10)all through my childhood and boyhood would not amount to half a dozen pages. I wrote my first poem at the age offive, my mother taking it down to dictation.1. grew 后加up2. conscience 改成consciousness3. soon 改成sooner4. the 和child之间加middle5. disagreeing 改成disagreeable6. imaginative 改成imaginary7. literal 改成literary8. in 去掉9. which 前加in10. Therefore, 改成Nevertheless改错题出自：George Orwell的《Why I Write》的前两段第1个错误出现在 grew .解析：grow 表成长，如人和动植物的成长。

如果要表“长大”就要用短语：grow up。

2 .句中conscience 有如下的释义：1.良心，良知 2.良知 1.良心 2.第三类法庭而consciousness表示1.意识到,知道. 2.意识，觉悟 3.意识状态 4.清醒句子的意思是：我意识到这是在违背我的本性。

3. 第三句考固定搭配：sooner or later 迟早。

难点：outrage 违背做动词。

4. 按句子意思作者排行老二家里上面和下面都有个小孩因此加上 middle5. disagreeing为disagree的ing,意思是“不同意不认同”。

改为：disagreeable表 1. 不合意的;不愉快的;讨厌的 2. 难相处的,脾气坏的6. imaginative 改成 imaginary，解析：imaginative 表示人富有想像力的;富于想像的;有创造力的。

而imaginary表示想像中的;虚构的;幻想的如： an imaginary friend 想像中的朋友7 .literal表“文字的” 改成 literary 指文学作者的文学的志向与野心8. face sth. 直面某个事实 .不用接介词 in9. 定语从句，修饰world，有介词要用在which前，不能省略10. Therefore, 改成Nevertheless句子有转折的意思，作者说他一直沉溺在自己的内心世界，然而童年时代所写的东西数目不多。

而非因此，童年所写的东西不多。

2010年3月专八真题：改错部分So far as we can tell, all human languages are equally complete and perfect as instruments of communication: that is, (1) every language appears to be well equipped as any other to say (2) the things their speakers want to say. (3) There may or may not be appropriate to talk about primitive peoples or cultures, but that is another matter. Certainly, not all groups of people are equally competent in nuclear physics or psychology or the cultivation of rice or the engraving of Benares brass. (4) Whereas this is not the fault of their language.The Eskimos can (5) speak about snow with a great deal further precision and subtlety than we can in English, but this is not because the Eskimo language (one of those sometimes miscalled 'primitive') is inherently more precise and subtle than English. (6) This example does not come to light a defect in English, a show of unexpected 'primitiveness'. The position is simply and obviously that (7) the Eskimos and the English live in similar environments. The English language (8) will be just as rich in terms for different kinds of snow, presumably, if the environments (9) in which English was habitually used made such distinction as important.Similarly, we have no reason to doubt that the Eskimo language could be as precise and subtle on the subject of motor manufacture or cricket (10) if these topics formed the part of the Eskimos' life.For obvious historical reasons, Englishmen in the 19th century could not talk about motorcars with the minute discrimination which is possible today: cars were not a part of their culture. But they had a host of terms for horse-drawn vehicles which send us, puzzled, to a historical dictionary when we are reading Scott or Dickens. How many of us could distinguish between a chaise, a landau, a victoria, a brougham, a coupe, a gig, a diligence, a whisky, a calash, a tilbury, a carriole,a phaeton, and a clarence?1 be后插入as;2 their改为its;3 There改为It;4 Whereas改为But5 further 改为more6 come改为bring;7 similar改为different; 8 will改为would;9 as important去掉as 10 the part去掉the2009年3月专八真题参考答案：改错部分The previous section has shown how quickly a rhyme passes from one schoolchild to the next and illustrates the further difference (1) between school lore and nursery lore. In nursery lore a verse, learnt in early childhood, is not usually passed on again when the little listener (2) has grown up, and has children of their own, or even grandchildren. (3) The period between learning a nursery rhyme and transmitting it may be something from 20 to 70 years. (4) With the playground lore, therefore, a rhyme may be excitedly passed on within the very hour (5) it is learnt; and, in the general, it passes between children (6) of the same age, or nearly so, since it is uncommon for the difference in age between playmates to be more than five years.If, therefore, a playground rhyme can be shown to have been currently for a hundred years, or(7) even just for fifty, it follows that it has been retransmitted over and over, very possibly ithas passed along a chain of two or three (8) hundred young hearers and tellers, and the wonder is that it remains live (9) after so much handling, to let alone that it bears resemblance to the(10) original wording.参考答案:(1)illustrate改为illustrated (与前文的shown保持一致)(2) the 改为a (用不定冠词表示泛指)(3)their改为his (代词与前文a little listener在单复数上保持一致)(4)something 改为anything (这里anything from...to...表示大约在...之间)(5)therefore改为however (根据上下文逻辑关系)(6) in the general去掉the (in general是习惯用法)(7) currently 改为current (这里起的是表语的作用，需要形容词而不是副词)(8) it has passed改为it has been passed (主动改为被动，与前文保持一致)(9) live 改为alive （活跃的，仍然存在的）(live作形容词讲为“现场直播的”意思)(10) to let alone 改为let alone (let alone 为习惯搭配，意思是“更不用说”)2008年3月专八真题参考答案：改错部分The desire to use languageas a sign of national identity is a very natural one, (1) ___and in result language has played a prominent part in national moves. (2) ____Men have often felt the need to cultivate a given language to showthat they are distinctive from another race whose(3) ____hegemony they resent. At the time the United States(4) _____split off from Britain, for example, there were proposals thatindependence should be linguistically accepted by the use of a(5)______ different language from those of Britain. There was even one(6)_____ proposal that Americans should adopt Hebrew. Others favoredthe adoption of Greek, though, as one man put it, things wouldcertainly be simpler for Americans if they stuck on to English (7)______ and made the British learn Greek. At the end, as everyone (8)_____knows, the two countries adopted the practical and satisfactorysolution of carrying with the same language as before.(9)______ Since nearly two hundred years now, they have shown the world (10) _____ that political independence and national identity can be completewithout sacrificing the enormous mutual advantages of a commonlanguage.参考答案:1. one改为thing2. result改为fact3. distinctive改为distinct4. at the time后加when5. by改为with6. those改为that7. on去掉8. At改为In9. carrying 后加on10. now改为ago2007年3月专八真题参考答案：改错部分From what has been said, it must be clear that no one canmake very positive statements about how language originated.There is no material in any language today and in the earliest (1) and→or records of ancient languages show us language in a new and (2) show→showing emerging state. It is often said, of course, that the language (3) the originated in cries of anger, fear, pain and pleasure, and the (4) and→but necessary evidence is entirely lacking: there are no remotetribes, no ancient records, providing evidence ofa language with a large proportion of such cries(5) large→lagerthan we find in English. It is true that the absenceof such evidence does not disprove the theory, but in(6) in→onother grounds too the theory is not very attractive.People of all races and languages make rather similarnoises in return to pain or pleasure. The fact that(7) return→response such noises are similar on the lips of Frenchmenand Malaysians whose languages are utterly different,serves to emphasize on the fundamental difference（8）onbetween these noises and language proper. We maysay that the cries of pain or chortles of amusementare largely reflex actions, instinctive to∧large extent, (9) ∧awhereas language proper does not consist of signsbut of these that have to be learnt and that are(10) these→those2006年3月专八真题参考答案：改错部分We use language primarily as a means of communication withother human beings. Each of us shares with the community in which welive a store of words and meanings as well as agreeing conventions as (1)to the way in which words should be arranged to convey a particular (2)message: the English speaker has iii his disposal at vocabulary and a (3)set of grammatical rules which enables him to communicate his (4)thoughts and feelings, ill a variety of styles, to the other English (5)speakers. His vocabulary, in particular, both that which he uses active-[y and that which he recognises, increases ill size as he growsold as a result of education and experience. (6)But, whether the language store is relatively small or large, the systemremains no more, than a psychological reality for tike inpidual, unlesshe has a means of expressing it in terms able to be seen by another (7)member of his linguistic community; he bas to give tile system aconcrete transmission form. We take it for granted rice’ two most (8)common forms of transmission-by means of sounds produced by ourvocal organs (speech) or by visual signs (writing). And these are (9)among most striking of human achievements. (10)1.agreeing --------agreed2. ∧words----------these/those words3. in the disposal --------at the disposal4. enables--------enable5. delete “the” before “other English speakers”6. old------ older7. seen ------ perceived, understood, comprehended8. delete “it” before “for granted”9. And ----- Yet; However10. ∧most ------ the most striking2005年3月专八真题参考答案：改错部分The University as BusinessA number of colleges and universities announced steeptuition increases for next year—much steeper than the current,very low , rate of inflation. They say the increases are neededbecause of a loss in value of university endowments heavily investing S1___________ in common stock. I am skeptical. A business firm chooses the pricethat maximizes its net revenues, irrespective fluctuations in income: S2____________ and increasingly tile outlook of universities in the UnitedStates is indistinguishable from those of business firms. The rise in S3____________ tuitions may reflect the fact economic uncertainty increases the S4____________ demand for education. The biggest cost of being in the school is foregoing S5____________ income from a job (this is primarily a factor in graduate—andprofessional—school tuition): the poor one’s job prospects, the more S6____________ sense it makes to reallocate time from the job market to education,in order to make oneself more remarkable.The way which universities make themselves attractive to S7____________students include soft majors, student evaluations of teachers, givingstudents a governance role, and eliminate required courses. Sky-high S8____________ tuitions have caused universities to regard their students ascustomers. Just as business firms sometimes collude to shorten the S9____________ rigors of competition, universities collude to minimize the cost tothem of the athletes whom they recruit in order to stimulate alumnidenotations, so the best athletes now often bypass higher education inorder to obtain salaries earlier from professional teams. And untilthey were stopped by the antitrust authorities, the Ivy leagueschools collude to limit competition for the best students, byagreeing not to award scholarships on the basis of merit rather thanpurely of need—just like business firms agreeing not to givediscounts on their best customers. S10____________invested / irrespective of / those—that / fact that / in the school / poor—poorer / in which / eliminating / shorten---lessen / on---to2004改错One of the most important non-legislative functions of the U.S Congressis the power to investigate. This power is usually delegated to committees - eitherstanding committees, special committees set for a specific (1)____purpose, or joint committees consisted of members of both houses. (2)____Investigations are held to gather information on the need forfuture legislation, to test the effectiveness of laws already passed,to inquire into the qualifications and performance of members andofficials of the other branches, and in rare occasions, to lay the (3)____groundwork for impeachment proceedings. Frequently, committeesrely outside experts to assist in conducting investigative hearings (4)____and to make out detailed studies of issues. (5)____There are important corollaries to the investigative power. Oneis the power to publicize investigations and its results. Most (6)____committee hearings are open to public and are reported (7)____widely in the mass media. Congressional investigationsnevertheless represent one important tool available to lawmakers (8)____to inform the citizenry and to arouse public interests in national issues. (9)____Congressional committees also have the power to compeltestimony from unwilling witnesses, and to cite for contemptof Congress witnesses who refuse to testify and for perjury ofthese who give false testimony. (10)____1.,在set 后加up, set up“建立、成立”是固定短语2.答案：consisted → consisting/composed3.答案：in → on【详细解答】固定搭配on ...occasions4.答案：rely ^ → rely on【详细解答】固定搭配rely on sb. to do something5.答案：make out → make【详细解答】make out 意思是“辨认出”，而此处意思是“对...做详细的研究”，故用“make detailed studies of...” 即可。