九年级上阅读之首字母讲解一、专题精讲台阶式解题法：台阶一：掌握七种句子成分与十种词性之间的对应关系。
通过对单一成分的分类练习，掌握该句子成分与何种词性相对应。
词性正确是答案正确的前提。
批注：词性和句子成分在解答首字母填空题时很重要。
如果学生可以判断出一个句子缺少了什么成分，而又知道该种句子成分由何种词性的词汇可以充当，这样可以大大缩小选择范围，也可以避免一些语法错误。
以下是详细的讲解及训练。
1)对主语的判断1.But as it was her turn to join, a c 90 took place in her team.2.The w__89__ , Sushil Kumar, is 27 years old. He works as a computer operator in a government office.3.Their total l___89___ would even be longer than the famous Great wall, which is about 4000 miles.4.Every year, the n 71 of crimes goes up and up. They often come from sad homes, with only one parent orno parents at all. There are problems with drugs. (毒品)5.Another r 88 might be the change of lifestyle (生活方式).Keys: 1) change 2) winner 3) length 4) number 5) reason批注：由于做篇章式样的首字母填空时会受到前后逻辑关系的影响，会加大填空难度。
因此这里遵循由易入难的原则，先从单一的句子开始做起。
这里需要学生发挥想象力来填充，题目难度比较低，不存在理解困难。
做完让学生自己做个总结，哪些词性可以充当主语：名词、动名词、代词、数词等。
2) 对谓语的判断1.Vegetables and fruits are very important because they p 88 necessary vitamins and minerals (矿物质) .2. When he r__92__ the blanket from the fire, there was a cloud of smoke. The number of clouds of smoke told his messagein code.3."They are loyal, funny and loving. They seldom complain and always o 86 their owners," said Mary Smith of Washington D.C.4.Who would put trash(垃圾) in the middle of the street? Brian n 88 a ll the other trash in the street and on sidewalks. He explained to Carla how much he hated litter and how lazy it was to be a "Jitterbug" (垃圾虫).5.An Indian office worker has b__88__ the first person to win the＄1 million top prize on the Indian TV game show Who Wants to be a Millionaire.Keys: 1)provide 2).removed 3)obey4)noticed5)become批注：通过这些例题去了解谓语都是由哪些词性来充当的：只有动词是可以的。
由于文章中涉及到直接英语和间接引语，学生可以发现动词的时态在填空时需要关注。
3) 对宾语的判断1. It was very exciting when I opened my presents. There were lots of wonderful games, but I was really happy when Isaw a t 87 for a space flight!2. In online communication at least, entering untrue details about name or age may no longer prevent others fromthe right way, without hurting o 89 or yourself. Let me give you some advice.4. It is not a shame to tell o 92 that you are having a hard time. They may comfort (安慰) you or give yousome useful advice. You may feel better from sharing your problems with them.Keys: 1)ticket 2)who 3)others 4). others解析：讲解充当宾语成分的词性时，需要和主语对比着讲解，基本上可以充当主语的词性都可以充当宾语，如：名词、代词、动名词、数词等。
4) 对表语的判断1．In 1864, a group of artists became a ___88____ because they didn’t get into the show.2. “It’s really s___87_____---we’re in the middle of one of the biggest cities in the world, but in these hutongs it feelsas if we are in a village in the countryside.3. Family life, school learning and life experience can also make you the person you are. This doesn’t mean it’si__89____ to change your personality. You can always try to make yourself better.4. When the parents come home, they are often very t____88____ from a hard day at work. Still, they have totake care of the children, cook, clean, wash clothes, shop, etc.5. When there is only one parent, of course the responsibilities of looking after the children are muchh____89____ for him or her. They have to work out all the things by themselves.Keys: 1）angry 2）strange 3）impossible4）tired 5）heavier/harder批注：表语一般要放到系动词的后面，所以能正确识别系动词是关键。
常见的系动词：感官动词（look, sound, smell, taste, feel+状态动词（be, seem, appear, stay, remain, keep）+动态系动词（get, become, grow, go, turn, fall, make）5) 对定语的判断1. Today you can find v___90___ Hutongs with different shapes, lengths or directions. The shortest one is only 40centimeters wide. And some Hutongs have more than 20 turns.2. In the Northeast and Middle West, it is very hot at some times and very cold at other times. People in these stateshave more heart trouble because of the c____86____ weather in February or March.3. What’s more important is that people love to watch highs and lows of the relationships in movies. Friendship hasbeen the f___92___subject of movie makers for a long time.4.Friends make sacrifices (牺牲): In most of the movies, friends make sacrifices for each other. A g___97___example is“Sholay”.Keys: 1) various 2)changeable3).first/favorite 4).good解析：透过例子让学生总结出可以充当定语的词性：形容词、序数词、现在分词、过去分词。
6) 对状语的判断1. Do you have sleeping problems? Is it hard for you to remember or pay attention in class? Do you get angry e86 ? If your answer is yes, you may be under stress (压力).2. Next, you can read a book a__94: in a car, in a waiting-room, on a plane, in bed — even in the bath. Allyou need is a book! Reading is a convenient hobby as it is easy to stop and then start again.3. Some of her friends worked when school was finished for the day. So Cindy went to some of the stores and asked forwork. She f___93___ got a job in a cafe. She was very happy.4. They can be the people who live next door or the mothers of our children's closest friends. Friends of convenienceare convenient i___92___ .They'll help us when we need it.Keys: 1）easily 2）anywhere 3) finally 4) indeed解析：透过例子让学生总结出可以充当状语的词性：副词（可以用于修饰动词、形容词和副词）7) 对连词的判断1. British teenagers can leave school at sixteen after taking their GCSE exams. They study for exams in as many as tensubjects, s______ they have to work pretty hard!2. When I want to go anywhere in China, I just take my bicycle. Here in England, I have to get a bus everywhere. It’sreally confusing b 90 buses don’t stop automatically like they do in Beijing. You have to put your hand out, ring the bell or press the signal button.3. Opening the box, Oscar saw an umbrella inside—— a very old one with a beautifully carved handle. A__87__he hadnot seen it in more than 20 years, he recognized it immediately. Joe: In my eyes, top brand means top quality. So I love top brand products a___87__ they’re very expensive.5. “I like eating duck neck very much and I often buy it on Taobao from shops in Wuhan. It’s much more delicious thanw 90 our local stores sell,” said Zhang Xi, a girl in Yangzhou.keys: 1) so 2) because 3) Although 4) although 5) what解析：老师需要引导学生透过句子和句子之间的关系判断逻辑关系，在平时的词汇学习中，也需要学生去总结每个字母开头的连词。