现在完成时的讲解和练习题一、构成：主语+ have/has + 过去分词+其他否定式:主语+ haven't/hasn't + 过去分词+ 其他。

疑问式:Have /Has + 主语+ 过去分词+ 其他?简略答语: (肯定)Yes, 主语+ have/has. (否定)No, 主语+ haven't/hasn't.二、用法：现在完成时既涉及过去，又联系现在（一）表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,也可表示过去已经开始,一直延续到现在的动作或状态常与just（刚刚），already（已经），never（从来没有），ever（曾经），before（以前），yet（仍然，还），once（一次），twice（两次），many times（很多次），how many times（多少次），so far（迄今为止），up to now ,till now 等时间状语连用。

如：※副词的位置：①just常用于肯定句中，放在have / has后，He has just come .②never表示否定,放在have / has后, He has never visited the Great Wall.③ever用于疑问句中,句型为: Have / Has＋主语＋ever＋过去分词？“…曾经……过吗？”用于询问某人过去的经历。

Have you ever been to the farm？（二）：表示过去已经开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态。

时间状语有：①for＋表示一段时间的词语I have taught English for 19 years。

②since＋表示过去时间点的词语He has been at this school since 1986.③since＋表示过去的时间状语从句I have lived here since I was born.④since＋一段时间＋ago. I have known him since 20 years ago.三、现在完成时态中可以和表示一段时间状语（for，since，how long, all one’s life）连用的动词必须用延续性动词（肯定句）。

如：be，have，know，live，work，study，learn，teach，keep，speak，talk，draw，wait，wear，walk，sleep，drive，write，do，clean等。

非延续性动词，又叫瞬间动词，短暂性动词如begin, start, die, buy, leave, come等，表示动作的发生与结束于一瞬间完成，不能再延续，所以它的现在完成时不能和表示延续的时间状语连用Eg. I have been a teacher for nearly 20 years. How long has he lived here? He has died.常见终止性动词和延续性动词的相应转换形式如下:1、borrow / lend→keep,2、buy→have,3、finish / end→be over,4、begin / start→be on5、open→be open6、close→be closed,7、die→be dead8、arrive /come / go / move / reach /get to→be in /at / be here /be there,9、leave→be away（from）10、go to school→be in school / be a stud ent,11、get up→be up, 12、fall asleep→be asleep 13、fall ill→be ill14、get to know→know, 15、lose→be lost 16、become→be 17、begin to study→study, 18、return / come back / get back→be back 19、join→be in / be a…member,20、join the army→be in t he army /be a soldier21、receive / get a letter→have a letter 22、catch / get a cold→have a coldEg. 他参军已有三年.He has joined the army for three years.（错）改为:He has been in the army for three years / since three years ago.He has been a soldier for three years / since three years ago.四、现在完成时中应注意的几个问题1. have been to和have gone to的区别have been to强调“曾经去过…”，现已不在那里，已经回来了have gone to主要强调的是“去了…”，可能在去的途中，或在去的目的地。

2. have been to和have been in的区别have been to强调人“已回到原地”，后面可接表示“次数”的状语。

have been in表示某人“已在某地停留一段时间，现仍在那里”，其后常带表示一段时间的状语五．现在完成时与一般过去时的区别练习题：I. Fill in the blanks with the proper form.1. I____ already ____ (see) the film. I ________ (see) it last week.2. _____ he ____ (finish) his work today? Not yet.3. My father ____ just ____ (come) back from work. He is tired now.4. Wher e’s Li Ming ? He __________ (go) to the teacher’s office.5. I __________ (work) here since I ______ (move) here in 1999.6. So far I _______________(make) quite a few friends here.7. How long ________ the Wangs ______________(stay) here ? For two weeks.8. I ________ just ___________ (finish) my homework.9. He ________ (go) to school on foot every day.10.____ you ______ (find) your science book yet?11. If it ____ (be) fine tomorrow, I'll go with you.12. The students ____________ (read) English when the teacher came in.13. Look! The monkey __________ (climb) the tree.14. My mother __________ (come) to see me next Sunday.15. I've lost my pen. _________ you ________ (see) it anywhere?II. Choose the best answer.( )1、Both his parents look sad. Maybe they _________what happened to him .Ａ. knew Ｂ. have known Ｃ. must know Ｄ.will know ( )2、He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ?Ａ. already Ｂ.never Ｃ.ever Ｄ. still ( )3、Have you met Mr Li ______？Ａ. just Ｂ. ago Ｃ.before Ｄ. a moment ago ( )4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year .Ａ. is writing Ｂ.was writing Ｃ.wrote Ｄ.has written ( )5、—Our country ______ a lot so far .—Yes . I hope it will be even ______ .Ａ. has changed ; well Ｂ. changed ; goodＣ. has changed ; better Ｄ. changed ; better ( )6、Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .Ａ. was ; studying Ｂ. will ; studyＣ. has ; studied Ｄ. are ; studying( )7、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .Ａ. know Ｂ. had known Ｃ. have known Ｄ. knew ( )8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_______ it twice .Ａ. will see Ｂ. have seen Ｃ. saw Ｄ.see ( )9、—These farmers have been to the United States .—Really ? When _____ there ?Ａ. will they go Ｂ. did they goＣ. do they go Ｄ. have they gone ( )10、—______ you ___ your homework yet ?—Yes . I _____ it a moment ago .Ａ. Did ; do ; finished Ｂ. Have ; done ; finishedＣ. Have ; done ; have finished Ｄ. will ; do ; finish( )11、His father ______ the Party since 1978 .Ａ. joined Ｂ. has joined Ｃ. was in Ｄ. has been in ( ) 12、—Do you know him well ?—Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago .Ａ. were Ｂ. have been Ｃ. have become Ｄ. have made( )13、—How long have you ____ here ?—About two months .Ａ. been Ｂ. gone Ｃ. come Ｄ. arrived( ) 14、Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes .Ａ. has begun Ｂ. had begunＣ. has been on Ｄ. began( )15、It _____ ten years since he left the army .Ａ. is Ｂ. has Ｃ. will Ｄ. was( )16、Miss Green isn't in the office . she_______ to the library .Ａ.has gone Ｂ. went Ｃ.will go Ｄ. has been( )17、My parents ______ Shandong for ten years .Ａ. have been in Ｂ. have been toＣ. have gone to Ｄ. have been( )18、The students have cleaned the classroom, ?A. so theyB. don’t theyC. have theyD. haven’t they( )19、has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China?A. How soon, comesB. How often, gotC. How long, cameD. How far, arrived( )20、His uncle for more than 9 years.A. has come hereB. has started to workC. has lived thereD. has left the university( )21. How long have you _______ here?A. comeB. gotC. arrivedD. been( )22. My grandpa died _________.A. at the age of my 2B. for 2 yearsC. when I was 2.D. my age was 6.( )23. Jane has _____ to BeiJing. She will come back tomorrow.A. beenB. goneC. wentD. never been( )24. It is ten years _____ I last saw her.A. afterB. sinceC. forD. that( )25.--Who will go to the station to meet Lorry? --I will. I _____ her several times.A. metB. have metC. had metD. will meet( )26. --What a nice dress! How long _____ you _____ it?--Just 2 weeks.A. will, buyB. did, buyC. are, havingD. have, had( )27.--Do you know Lydia very well?--Yes, She and I _____ friends since we were very young.A. have madeB. have becomeC. have beenD. have turned( )28. The Smiths _______ in China for 8 years.A. has livedB. livedC. have beenD. live( )29. --Hello, this is Mr. Green speaking. Can I speak to Mr. Black?-- Sorry. He ______ the Bainiao Park.A. has been toB. has gone toC. went toD. will go to( )30. --____ you ever ____ to the US? -- Yes, twice.A. Have, goneB. Have, been C, Do, go D. were, goingIII. Rewrite the sentences.1. I have been to Macau before. (改为否定句) I _________ _________ been to Macau before.2. He hasn’t come to school because he was ill. (就划线部分提问)______ _______ he come to school?3. I bought a new bike just now. (用just改写) I ____ just ____ a new bike.4. We began to learn English three years ago.(改为同义句) We ____ ____English ____three years5. He has never surfed, _______ _______? （改成反意疑问句）6. They have been here since 2000. (对划线部分提问) _______ _______have they been here?7. The old man _________ last year. He has _______ _______for a year. (die) （动词填空）8. Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同义句转换)Miss Gao has _______ ________ ________ an hour ago.四、用have / has been to / in, have gone to及go的各种形式填空。