文
语
思
化
言
维
• 什么是文化？P.15 • 文化、语言与汉英翻译的关系？P.16 • 中西思维方式有什么异同？P.18
清 翠十八子手串
清翠鱼纹佩
Qing Dynasty Jadeite Rosary Bracelet of Eighteen Beads Jadeite Pendant with Fish Design
—— 陈宏薇
国际翻译界一般认为：
• 从外国语译入本族语易，反之难。 • 从本族语译入外国语非明智之举。 • 译出翻译的最佳模式是合作翻译。
• 该校有三千名学生。
• The school has three thousand students.
[正] There are three thousand students in the school.
[正] Many people go to bed very late at weekends. Many people sleep late at weekends. = 周末许多人睡懒觉。
[正] The task is really dangerous. But someone has to bell the cat.
• 一辆白色轿车前来接新郎新娘去教堂。 • A white car turned up to take the groom and the bride to the church.
[正] Here comes the car. After you.
[正] The professor is so terrible.
[正] A white car turned up to take the bride and the groom to the church.
注：汉英两种语言均有各自固定的词序，因此翻译时要根据各自的语言习惯进行适当的调整。 之所以将新娘放在前面，也许是西方文化中“女士优ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ” 吧！又如：“衣食住行”译成英 语是 food, clothing, shelter and transportation; 同样，“左顾右盼”翻译成look right and left。
CHINESE-ENGLISH TRANSLATION
Chapter 2 Fundamental Knowledge
汉英翻译基本知识
复习&练习 了解“文化” 汉英翻译与文化 中英思维方式对比 汉英语言对比
汉英翻译就是译者将作者为汉语读者所写的 汉语文本转换为功能相似、语义相符、 供英文读者阅读的英语文本的活动。
/Kevin is more warm-hearted than any of his brothers.
circumstances 等。
• 日暮途穷。
• The day is falling and the road is coming to an end.
[正] The night is falling and the road is coming to an end.
• 苦尽甘来。 • Sweet comes after bitterness.
注：“日暮”除译作 The night is falling 外，又可译 成 the night is closing in，
[正] After rain comes the sunshine. / Pain past is pleasure.
认知型
Analytical Objective Logical Positivistic
分析性 对象性 逻辑性 实证性
Accurate
精确性
Divergent
求异性
Future-focused 前瞻性
Outward
外向性
Deductive
演绎型
—— 连淑能
• 中国人的形象思维体现在用具体形象的词语比喻抽象的事物，以 物表感、状物言志。
Chinese Mode
Ethical
伦理型
Synthetic 整体性
Intentional 意向性
Intuitive 直觉性
Imagic
意象性
Fuzzy
模糊性
Convergent 求同性
Past-focused 后馈性
Inward
内向性
Inductive 归纳型
Western Mode
Cognitive
• 车来了。您先请。 • Here comes the car. You go first, please.
• 这个教授教得很烂。 • The professor teaches badly.
• 周末许多人睡得很晚。 • Many people sleep late at weekends.
• 这个任务很危险，但总得有人去冒险。 • The task is really dangerous. But someone has to take the adventure.
• 明枪易躲，暗箭难防 • It is easy to dodge a spear thrust in the open，but difficult to guard
或 night is coming(on)，或 it is getting dark。汉语的
• 凯文是几兄弟中最热心的。
“途穷”，除如上照字面
• Kevin is the most warm-hearted of his brothers.
译出的以外，又可译为 no road ahead，或意译为
[正] Kevin is the most warm-hearted of all the sons in the family. straitened, in poor
Treasures of the Palace Museum Jewelries of Empress and Imperial Concubines
中英思维方式对比
• 中国人注重伦理(ethics); • 英美人注重认知(congnition) • 中重整体（integrity）、重综合性(synthetic)思维; • 英重个体individuality）、重分析性(analytic)思维 • 中重直觉（intuition）、重形象思维(figurative thinking); • 英重实证(evidence）、重逻辑思维(logical thinking)