Theories of Environment Alignment 关于环境应配的理论
• Institutional Views 制度观点
• Strategic Views 战略观点 • Co-evolving Views 共演观点 • Ecological Views 生态观点
Mainstream Theories in Management & Organization 组织与管理学中的主流理论 Theories of Boundary Spanning 关于跨越边界的理论
Theories of Exchange 关于交换的理论
Economic Perspectives 经济学视角
Transaction Cost Theory 交易成本理论 Ind. Org. Theory 产业组织理论 Game Theory 博弈论 Agency Theory 代理理论 Contract Theory 契约理论
• Co-evolving Views 共演观点 -- Structuration Theory 结构化理论
-- Co-evolution Theory 共演理论
• Ecological Views 生态观点 -- Population Ecology 种群生态
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Highlight of Mainstream Theories (Theories of Exchange – Economic Theories) （关于交换的理论——经济学理论）
(Theories of Exchange – Economic Theories) （关于交换的理论——经济学理论）
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Industrial Organization (IO) Theory 产业组织理论

Industrial organization is a field of economics that studies the strategic behavior of firms, the structure of market and their interactions (Economics of Imperfect Competition) 产业组织是一门研究企业的战略行为、市场结构和它们之间互动关系的经济学。（不完全竞争经济学） A firm‘s performance in the marketplace depends critically on the characteristics of the industry environment in which it competes 企业在市场中的表现很大程度上取决于它所在产业环境的特征。 Industry structure determines the behavior or conduct of firms, whose joint conduct then determines the collective performance of the firms in the marketplace 产业结构决定了企业的行为，市场中所有企业的行为共同决定了这些企业的整体绩效。 An important branch of IO research is Oligopoly Theory seeking to specify the link between industry structure and firm-to-firm rivalry 寡头理论是产业组织研究中的一个重要分支，主要研究产业结构和企业与企业间竞争的关系。
Transaction Cost Economics (TCE): 交易成本经济学（TCE） Governance Choice 治理模式的选择
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Investment Characteristics (Asset Specificity) 投资的特性（资产专用性）
Nonspecific 非专用的
Mixed 混合的 Trilateral Governance 三边治理
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Williamson, O.E. 1979. Transaction cost economics: The governance of contractual relations. J. of Law and Economics, 22: 233-261 Williamson, O.E. 1985. Economic institutions of capitalism. New York: Free Press Williamson, O.E. 1991. Comparative economic organization: The analysis of discrete structural alternatives. Administrative Science Quarterly, 36: 269-296 Williamson, O.E. 1993. Calculativeness, trust, and economic organization. J. of Law and Economics, 36: 453-486
• Institutional Views 制度观点 -- Institutional Theory 制度理论
-- Contingency Theory 权变理论
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Strategic Views 战略观点
-- Strategic Choice Theory 战略选择理论
-- Resource Dependence Theory 资源依赖理论 -- Option Theory (also theory of firm growth) 期权理论（同时也是关于企业成长的理论）
有效的治理模式
What TCE Is and Is Not 交易成本经济学并非
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Explains what most efficient form of governance should be,
given certain transactional attributes a functionalist argument 给出在特定的交易属性下最有效的治理模式 实用主义的争论




Transaction Cost Economics (TCE) 交易成本经济学（TCE）
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Three dimensions to characterize any transactions: Frequency, uncertainty, and asset specificity, which jointly determine the structure or choice of efficient governance 描述交易的三大维度：交易频率、不确定性和资产专用性，它们共同决定了有效治理模式的结 构和选择 TCE suggests that the costs and difficulties associated with market transactions sometimes favor hierarchies (or in-house production) and sometimes markets as an economic governance structure. An intermediate mechanism is called hybrid or relational 交易成本经济学认为，市场交易的成本和困难决定了有时候选择层级治理（机构内部生产）作 为经济治理结构更好，有时候则选择市场更佳。两者之间存在着混合机制，也称相关机制。
Social Exchange Perspectives 社会交换视角
Equity Theory 公平理论 Social Psychology 社会心理学 Social Identity Theory 社会认同理论 Social Exchange Theory 社会交换理论 Social Capital Theory 社会资本理论
What is missing?
Politics: Who are the actors? What are their interests? What is their power? 缺了什么？ 政治：谁是参与者？他们的利益是什么？他们的权力是什么？
Further Readings on TCE 交易成本经济学的拓展阅读
Idiosyncratic 特殊专用的
Occasional 偶尔的 Frequency 频率 Recurrent 经常的
Market ce 市场治理
Bilateral Governance 双边治理
Unified Governance 单边治理
Efficient Governance
• Boundary spanning theory 跨边界理论 • Loose coupling theory 松散耦合理论 • Information processing theory 信息处理理论 2
Theories of Firm Growth 关于企业成长的理论
• Classical Theory of Firm Growth 企业成长的古典理论 • Resource-based view 资源基础观 • Knowledge-based view 知识基础观 • Organizational learning theory 组织学习理论 • Dynamic capability Theory 动态能力理论
Socioeconomic Perspectives 社会经济学视角
Economic Sociology Theory 经济社会学理论 Network Theory 网络理论 Co-opetition Theory 竞合理论
Boundary Spanning Theories 跨边界理论 3