阅读理解之细节题（一）一、考查方式：细节题一般以直接理解题、语义转化题、数字计算题、排列顺序题、图表图画题等形式出现。
提问的特殊疑问词常有：what, who, which, where, how, why 等。
题干常为：1. When / Where did the story happen?2. Which of the following statements is (not) correct?3. Which of the following statements is (not) mentioned in the passage?4. Which is the right order of the events given in the passage?5. All the statements are true except…6. The writer mentions all of the following except….7. From the passage we know that ….8. In the passage, the author states that….9. The statement made by the author is based on the evidence/example/fact that….二、解题思路与应试技巧◆做题技巧：1、用题干或选项中的关键词（实体名词、专有名词、数词等）在文中搜索(寻读)找到题眼，迅速锁定范围（相关词句或信息点），这是解题的依据所在。
2、对锁定的内容研读，对照选项，与之最接近的选项即是答案。
◆解题原则：忠实于原文上下文及全篇的逻辑关系，决不能主观臆断。
◆选项特征：1. 正确选项的特征：1）再现原文（常见于直接细节题）。
2）对原文进行改写（用近义词等将关键词替换；或改变原文句子的语态，给考生制造障碍）。
3）对原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化。
4) 正话反说。
2. 干扰项的特征：1）将原文内容扩大或缩小。
2）把未然当已然。
（改变文中某句话的时态，如把将来时变成现在时，把未发生的事情当成已发生的事情。
）3）无中生有。
（根据读者主观想象或推测得出结论，而文中无涉及。
）4）偷梁换柱（换词，改变原意）5）文不对题（是原文，但与题干要求不符）三、细节题出现的形式：1.直接信息题：直接信息题主要是问考生直接在文中明确给出的信息，不需要进行推断。
通常这类问题不会涉及到全文的主旨问题，而一般都考察某一两句话的相关信息，定义判断常以这种形式出现。
[考例] He came through several operations and a lot of pain by mastering his imagination. （2013广东，A）What do we know about Tom?A.He was seriously ill.B. He was a dishonest boy.C. He was crazy about magic.D. He was Dr. Epstein’s patient.解析：A 直接信息题。
从“He came through several operations and a lot of pain by mastering his imagination.”可以直接找到答案。
[考例] The future of hitchhiking most likely lies with car-sharing organized over the Internet, via sites such as hitchhikers. org. (2011广州一模C)According to the author, future hitchhikers are more likely to .A．visit websites and find people to share cars withB．stand by roads with their thumbs sticking outC．stick out signs with their destinations written onD．wait for some kind people to pick them up解析：A 直接信息题。
从“The future of hitchhiking most likely lies with car-sharing organized over the Internet”可以直接找到答案。
2. 间接信息题做这类题目时，考生需要对原文信息进行加工处理，然后再进行进一步的推理或鉴别，这是介于事实细节题和推理判断题之间的一种题型，对考生来说有一定难度。
[考例] Ho wever, it wasn’t all sweetness and light. There was a reported coldness between the cat and dog in 25% of the homes, while aggression and fighting were observed in 10% of the homes. One reason for this is probably that some of their body signals were just opposite. For example, when a cat turns its head away it signals aggression, while a dog doing the same signals submission. （2011广东，A）Some cats and dogs may fight when ______.A. they are cold to each otherB. they look away from each otherC. they misunderstood each other’s signalsD. they are introduced at an early age解析：C 间接信息题。
由第2段第2—4句可知。
他们打架的原因之一是他们的身体信号(身势语)是相反的，如猫将头偏开意味着要进攻，而狗将头偏开则意味着投降。
由此推知，两者会因身势语不同产生误会，结果就会打起来。
(细节推断)3.数字计算题这类题型要求考生根据阅读材料中给出的有关数据，通过计算，得出正确结论。
这类计算题一般来说比较简单，关键是要弄清各数据间的逻辑关系，确定计算方法。
[考例] Tuition Fees (学费)Tuition fees are different from department to department, generally from $5,000 to $6,000 a year. For further information: tui @ waikato．ac．nz.Accommodation (住宿)You can have a room in a 4-bedroom flat, which will cost about $100 a month with other regular living costs of about $150 a month for one person. For further information: acc@ waikato．ac．nz You have to pay at least ______ a year if you study at the University of Waikato.A. $5,250B. $8,000C. $9,000D. $11,000解析：B 根据Tuition fees一节的内容可知，一年的学费最低为5,000美元，再根据Accommodation(住宿)一节可知，除学费外，还有住宿费(每月100美元)和生活费(每月150美元)，即一年大约共3,000美元，所以在WaiKato大学读书一年至少要花费5,000+3,000=8,000美元，故答案为B。
4.排列顺序题排列顺序题要求考生根据动作发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发生的先后顺序。
常见的提问方式是：What is the right order of…?解答这类试题时，可采用“首尾定位法”，即先找出第一个动作和最后一个动作，迅速缩小选择范围，从而选出正确答案。
[考例] Dr. White tried his idea on 13 monkeys. First he taught them to do different jobs. Then he operated on them. He made the monkeys’ blood go through a machine. The machine cooled the blood. Then the machine sent the blood back to the monkeys’ brains. When the brain temperature was 10 degrees. Dr. White stopped the blood to the brain. After 30 minutes he turned the blood back. He warmed the blood again. After their operations, the monkeys were like what they had been were before. They were healthy and busy. Each one could still do the jobs the doctor had taught them. （2008 全国卷）What is the right order of the steps in the operations?a.send the blood back to the brainb. stop the blood to the brainc. have the blood cooled downd. operate on the brainA.a, b, c, dB. c, a, b, dC. c, b, d, aD. b, c, d, a解析：B 由“First he taught them to do different jobs. Then he operated on them.”可知道实施手术前要进行一系列工作。