一、合同英语的词汇特点及翻译要点
1. 用词专业，具有法律意味
（1）根据不同的专业来确定词义。
interest
（2）注意合同本身的术语
action 行动措施
counterpart 对手，对方有同等效力的副本
prejudice 偏见损害
subject 主题标的物
royalties 皇室；王权特许使用权；版税
negligence 疏忽过失
assign 分配；指派转让（合同等）
（3）注意一些以here, there 或where 等作前缀的副词。
hereafter 今后
hereby 兹
herein 此中，于此
hereon 于是，关于这个
hereinafter referred to as 下文称
thereafter 此后，据此
thereby 由此；在那方面
thereinafter 以下；在下文
aforementioned 上述的
thereof 其中的
whereas 鉴于
whereby 由是；凭那个
wherein 在其中
for and on behalf of 代表
whereon 关于那，在其上
in witness whereof 特此为证
hitherto 迄今
forthwith 立即，毫不拖延
2. 用词正式、准确
（1）注意介词或介词短语的翻译
The participants in the Joint Venture shall commence discussion with regard to the extension of the period of the Venture and in the event of their agreeing upon such extension, they shall record such agreement in a written document signed by all of them not later than three years prior to the expiry of the current period.
就本合资企业的存续时限的延期问题，各方应进行讨论；一旦各方就此达成一致，应形成书面协议，由各方在本合同期限到期之前的三年内签字生效。
On the FOB basis, the Buyer shall book shipping space in accordance with the date of shipment specified in the contract.
按照FOB条件，由买方负责根据合同规定的装运日期洽定舱位。
（2）注意词语并列的现象（juxtaposition）
This agreement is made and entered into by and between Party A and Party B.
The amendments to or alteration of this contract become effect only after they are signed by parties hereto and approved by the original approving authorities.
类似的表达还有：any and all （全部）、any duties, obligations or liabilities （所有责任）、applicable laws, regulations, decrees, directives, and rules （适用法律法规）、charges, fees, costs and expenses （各种费用）、covenants and agreements （合同、协议）、customs and usages （惯例）、free and clear of （无）、import duty and tax （进口税捐）、keep secret and confidential （保密）、licenses and permits （许可）、null and void （无效）、packing and wrapping expenses （包装费）、rights and interests （权益）、settle claims and debts （清理债务）、ships and vessels （船只）、sign and issue （签发）、support and maintenance （维护）、use and wont （习惯，惯例），等等。
二、商务合同翻译中句子成分的转换
1. 主语的转换
（1）主语转换为谓语
Delivery must be effected within the time stated on the purchase order, otherwise the Buyer may at its option cancel the order without cost to him, and charge the Seller for any loss incurred as a result of the latter’s failure to make such delivery.
卖方必须在购货订单规定的时间内交货，否则，买方可取消合同，而不承担任何损失，并要求卖方赔偿由不交货所造成的一切损失。
（2）主语转换为宾语
Should all or part of the Contract and its appendices be unable to be fulfilled owing to the fault of one party, the breaching party shall bear the responsibilities thus caused.
由于一方过失，致使不能履行或不能完全履行本合同及其附件时，由过失方承担违约责任。If any terms and conditions of this Contract are breached and the breach is not corrected by the breaching party within 30 days after a written notice thereof is given by the other party, then the nonbreaching party shall have the option to terminate this Contract by giving written notice thereof to the breaching party.
如果一方违反本合同的任何条款，并且在接到另一方的书面通知后30天内不予以补救，未违约方有权选择向违约方书面通知终止合同。
2. 宾语的转换
（1）宾语转换为主语
Party A shall send twice its technical personnel to Party B’s factory for training, and the total