Owing to its ascendant performance, now lithium-ion is the fastest growing and most promising battery chemistry.
2.Introduction
2.1 Construction
Lithium-ion battery
Positive electrodes LiNiO2, LiCoO2, LiMnO2, LiFePO4, LiMn2O4 Negative electrodes MCMB, graphite, LixSi, LixCd, SnO, Li4Ti5O12, Electrolyte PAN, PVDF, Separators
is the most commonly
used Li-ion cell. Mostly used in notebook
application, it boasts the
lowest cost per watt hour.
Prismatic or brick-shaped Li-ion cells often are cost-
them in a jellyroll fashion like cylindrical or prismatic cells.
3.Application
Chemical name Lithium Cobalt Oxide* Lithium Manganese Oxide* Material LiCoO2 (60% Co) LiMn2O4 Abbreviation Short form Applications LCO LMO Li-cobalt Li-manganese, or spinel Cell phone Laptop, Camera e-bikes, Electric vehicles, Medical, Hobbyist Gaining importance in electric powertrain and grid storage
no free lithium metal.
Disadvantages
1. Requires protection circuit to maintain voltage and
current within safe limits.
2. Subject to aging, even if not in use.
Lithium Iron Phosphate*
Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide* Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminum Oxide*
LiFePO4 LiNiMnCoO2 (10–20% Co)
LiNiCoAlO2 （9% Co)
LFP
various application.
5. Low Maintenance - no periodic discharge is needed;
there is no memory.
6. Wide variety of shapes and sizes . 7. Components are environmentally safe as there is
ium-Ion Battery
莫乔铃
CONTENTS
1
History Introduction
Application
2 3
1.History
In 1799, Italian physicist Alessandro Volta created the first battery.
In 1859, the first rechargeable battery was the lead acid invented by Gaston Planté. In 1979, John Goodenough demonstrated a rechargeable cell with high cell voltage in the 4V range using lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2) as the positive electrode and lithium metal as the negative electrode. In 1992, Sony first invented Li-ion battery for consumer electronics.
effective and come in a large variety of sizes.
LiPo cells are constructed by stacking electrode and electrolyte materials in a flat sandwich, rather than by winding
changing on a continuing basis.
The Lithium-Ion battery has three basic shape size: the cylindrical , Prismatic or brickshaped, flat sandwich
The cylindrical 18650 cell
NMC
Li-phosphate
NMC
NCA
NCA
Lithium Titanate *
Li4Ti5O12
LTO
Li-titanate
PP, PE
PMMA, LiClO4, LiPF6, LiAsF6
2.2 Working Principles
Anode：
Cathode：
Advantages
1. High energy density - potential for yet higher
capacities.
2. Relatively low self-discharge. 3. Excellent charge retention. 4. Diversified positive and negative electrodes for
3. Expensive to manufacture - about 40 percent
higher in cost than nickel-cadmium.
4. If a LIB is fully discharged, it gets totally damaged. 5. Not fully mature - metals and chemicals are