• Internal market • Qualified majority
voting (QMV) • European Council (policy) • Introduction of symbolic flag
Economic and Political Unity
• German reunification • Maastricht Treaty (1992)- European Union
Economic Progress
• Schengen Agreement (1985)- borders and
police cooperation • 5 out of 12 members • British mainland (Common Travel Area)
Single European Act (1986)
(Euratom) • Nuclear energy
Merger Treaty (1965)
• European Communities (ECSC, EEC,
and Euratom) • Joint budget and distribution of power • European Parliament (1962) and budgetary control (1975)
EU Problems and Conflicts
• • • • •
European Constitution (2004) Franco-German supremacy Decreasing EU/China relationship British skepticism New candidate counttion
• • • •
10 members included East meets west Economic disparity and uncertainty 27 total nations
Modern EU Politics and Governance
• Members of Parliament (MEPs) and
(EU) • 3 nations succeed to EU • Copenhagen European Council (1993) • Amsterdam Treaty (1995)
Maastricht Uncovered
• Treaty on European Union • Common Foreign and Security Policy
• Economic diversity and success • Exports and imports • Continental integration and
disadvantages • Global involvement
Global Impact
• • • •
Humanitarian aid Environmental focus International competition Positive EU/U.S. relationship
Parliament • Council of Ministers • High Authority/European Commission (Schuman) • Court of Justice
Treaty of Rome (1957)
• European Economic Community (EEC) • Common market (the Six) • European Atomic Energy Community
Leadership and Foresight
• Robert Schuman • European
integration and cooperation • Jean Monnet (1952-1955) • Post-war debt relief
ECSC Institutions
• Common Assembly/European
Enlargement and Improvement
• 1973- change in French presidency and
3 new additions • European Parliament (1979) • 1980’s- southwest Europe (3 more countries incorporated into European Communities)
(CFSP) • Justice and Home Affairs (JHA) • Eurocorps (5 members) • Trilateral organization of power
21st Century Updates
• Treaty of Nice
(2001) • Globalization • Coinage and adoption
The History and Development of the European Union, Since 1951
By John Martin, 2007
European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC)
• • • •
Treaty of Paris (1951) 6 member organization Franco-German relationship Increased economic production by combining coal and steel resources
political parties • EPP-ED and PES • Regulations, directives, and decisions • Bilateral power distribution (legislative and judicial)
Recent Trends and Statistics