虚拟语气的用法及专项练习题虚拟语气表示一种假设的情况，或一种主观的愿望，即动词所表示的动作或状态并非事实，或不可能实现。

英语虚拟语气的形式有下列几种：If had the time, John would make a trip to China to see the Great Wall.If I were you, I would give up drinking immediately.If you should lose, what would you do?If I were to see her tomorrow, I would tell her thetruth.If you went there next time, you would see what I mean.If I’d dnown that it was going to rain, I would never have gone for a walk in the country.四、虚拟语气的几种特殊用法省掉if的条件从句结构：Had you asked me, I would have told you. (=If you had asked me,…)2.有时虚拟条件不用条件从句而用不定式、分词、介词、名词、连接词或定语从句来表示，如：A true friend would not do such a thing. (=If he were a true friend, he...)(=If there were no wat er,…)(=If you hadn’t helped me,…)3. 有时条件从句中的动作和结果从句中的动作发生的时间不一致，如：If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he would be quite all right now.If I were you, I would have gone home.五、虚拟语气的其他用法1、Suggest, advise 等动词之后宾语从句须用虚拟语气，其句子结构如下：注意：在此结构中that不可省略；should省不省均可。

He suggested that they (should ) stop smoking.上述动词的名词形式出现时，that 引导的从句仍用虚拟语气。

He made a request that they (should ) stop smoking.如果that 引导的从句所表达的内容是事实，也可用陈述语气。

He insists that he is right.It is important that you (should) follow the doctor’s orders.It is right that you should have done your homework.I wish I were a pop singer. (=I am sorry I am not a pop singer..)I wish I had never stopped teaching. (=I am sorry I stopped teaching.)I wish they’d let us get some sleep.注意：wish与hope接宾语从句的区别在于：hope表示一般可以实现的希望，宾语从句用陈述语气。

wish表示很难或不大可能实现的希望,宾语从句用虚拟语气。

试比较：（1）We hope they will come,(We don’t know if they can come.)（2）We wish they could come,(We know they are not coming.)4、as if, as though, would(had) rather(that)引导的从句须用虚拟语气，如：He acts as if nothing had happened. I would rather you didn’t tell him.5、It’s (high) time that…+动词过去式或should+动词原形，如：It’s time (that) you had a hair cut.It’s high time (that) we took some action.虚拟语气专项练习一（）1. If I you, I would go by plane. Flying is much faster.A. beB. wasC. wereD. am（）2. I do not think those people are really English. If they were, they speak wish French accents.A. don'tB. will notC. mustn'tD. wouldn't（）3. today, would we be able to get there by Tuesday?A. Were we leavingB. If we leaveC. Would we leaveD. Were we to leave（）4. If Jone tomorrow, what would you do?A. were not to comeB. will not comeC. would not comeD. had not come（）5. “She didn't ask me, so I didn't help her?”“You mean to say , you would've helped her ?”A. if she asked youB. if she were to ask youC.had she asked you C. were she to ask you（）6. They took the injured straight to the hospital. Otherwise some of them .A. might have diedB. might dieC. would dieD. could die（）7. If they had known him, to him?A. would they have talkedB. would they talkC.had they talkedD. they would talk （）8. If I lived in the city, I traveal in croweded buses, but I to see lots of films.A. shall have to/shall be ableB. shall have to/am ableC. would have to/were ableD. would have to/would be able（）9. I would have gone to the concert, if I time.A. had hadB. have hadC. hadD. would have had（）10. I know it, I would have told you. A. Have B. If C. Had D. Having （）11. your help, I would not have succeeded.A. BecauseB. Because ofC. ButD. But for（）12. “What did Mr Smith say about his career?”“Only that if he a millionaire, he would have fewer worries.”A. did not becomeB. had not becomeC. does not becomeD. has not become（）13. “Why didn't you help him?”“I would have I didn't have the money.”A. stillB. butC. otherwiseD. or（）14. “Who should go to see Li Ying? He is ill today.”“I suggest Wang Hong.”A. goesB. would goC. goD. went（）15. The housemaster was strict. He requested that we television on week nights.A. not watchB. must not to watchC. not be watchingD. have not watch （）16. I can't speak Japanese, but I do wish I .A. canB. couldC. hadD. speak（）17. “Are you enjoying your stay here?’“Yes, very much. I wish I have to leave so soon.”A. won'tB. don'tC. mustn'tD. didn't（）18. “What will you do during the summer holidays?”“I don't know, but it's about time on something.”A. I'm decidingB. I'll decideC. I decidedD. I'd decided（）19. I'd rather you anything about it for the time being.A. sayB. didn't sayC. don't sayD. not say（）20. “Why do you have to be there at six?”“The teacher demands th at everyone in his seat at six.”A. would beB. can beC. beD. will be（）21. He makes a note of the assignment lest he it.A. forgetsB. forgetC. will forgetD. will not forget（）22. “how does the librarian act?”“He acts as if he a walking dictionary.”A. wereB. beC. isD. has been（）23. There is a law that drunken drivers severely punished.A. wereB. areC. beD. will be（）24. I wish you interrupt when I'm talking on the phone.A. will notB. would notC. do notD. did not（）25. Henry talks to his dog as if it him.A. understandsB. understoodC. understandD. would understand（）26. Jeff looked as if he a ghost.A. sawB. has seenC. had seenD. would see（）27. Give her my best regards, . A. should you see her today B. if you saw her todayC. if you would see her todayD. should you have seen her today（）28. There was a suggestion by the teachers that the meeting postponed for a week.A. had beenB. would beC. wasD. should be（）29. It is highly desirable that every effort to reduce pollution in Bei jing.A. was madeB. be madeC. will be madeD. would be made（）30. The manager would rather that his wife work in the same office as he dose.A. does notB. did notC. would notD. will not（）31. The teacher insisted that we all back by two o'clock.A. beB. to beC. would beD. shall be（）32. I didn't go to the football match, but I do wish I there.A. wentB. wasC. wereD.had been（）33. It is high time we drug trafficking.(贩毒)A. did away withB. do away withC. did awayD. should do away with虚拟语气专项练习题参考答案（1）C (2) D (3) D (4) A (5) C (6) A (7) A (8) D (9) A (10) C(11) D (12) B (13) B (14) C (15) A (16) B (17) D (18) C (19) B(20) C (21) B (22) A (23) C (24) B (25) B (26) C (27) A (28) D(29) B (30) B (31) A (32) D (33) A关于假使条件虚拟语气需注意的几点1. 如果从句所假设的谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词发生的时间不一致,这种假设条件句叫错综时间条件虚拟语气. 其主句和从句谓语动词的构成要根据所假设的时间而定.1) If I had taken the medicine, I would be better now.如果我服用了那种药的话,现在就会好些了.2) If the weather had been finer, the crops would be growing still better.如果(前些日子)天气更好些, 庄稼一定会长得更好.2. If it were not for / had not been for…也是一种条件虚拟语气从句,译为“要不是因为……”.1)If it hadn’t been for the doctor, he wouldn’t have recovered so soon.2)If it were not for the lack of space, we would hold the sports meet today.3. 有些条件是由一些短语引出的 (but for, with, without; otherwise, or, but, etc,)1)We couldn’t have achieved so much without your help (= If we had not had your help).2)Without solar radiation, animals and plants would die.3)With better equipment, we could have done it better.4)But for electricity (= If there were no electricity), there would be no modern industry.5)I should have returned the book last week, but I was so busy that I forgot to do so.6)He was having a meeting; otherwise he would have come over to help us.7)He felt very tired yesterday, or he would have attended the party.4.在某些隐含的虚拟条件简单句中, 虚拟语气可通过上下文表现出来. 谓语动词用虚拟形式.1)Any men in his position would have done like that.2)You should (ought to) have come earlier.虚拟语气祈使语气的混合使用在有些情况下, 条件从句中的谓语由”should +原形动词”构成, 这时主句的谓语动词既可以是虚拟语气或陈述语气, 也可以是祈使语气.1. If it should rain, the plan will / would be called off.2. Should anyone phone, please tell them I’m busy.3. Even if (If) it should get stormy, I will go.表示要求, 建议, 命令的虚拟语气表示要求, 建议, 命令的从句中, 谓语动词要用should + 原形动词, 其中可以should 省略. 下列例句可以表示这种虚拟语气.a. 主宾语从句表示法: suggest, order, request, advise, require, insist, ask, demand, command, propose等动词后面的宾语从句要用原形动词should + 原形动词, 可以省略.1. The doctor advised that I (should) take a rest.2. The London dockers demanded that their wages (should) be raised.3. He insisted that the meeting (should) not be put off.当suggest, insist 等动词表示”暗示, 坚持说”时, 其宾语从句中的谓语动词不需要用虚拟语气, 要用陈述语气.1. Are you suggesting that I am not suited for the job?2. He insisted that he was innocent.b. 主语从句表示法: 当以上动词用在下列句型中时, 主语从句也应该用should + 原形动词1. It is suggested that the building (should) be pulled down.2. It is ordered that the work (should) be started at once.在It is (was) strange (necessary, wonderful, important, etc.) that…句型中, strange, necessary等后面的主语从句中用should + 原形动词, should可以省略.3. It is strange that he (should) refuse to come to the party.4.It is necessary that a doctor (should) be sent for at once.5.It is important that we should learn from toehrs.e. 表语从句表示法.suggestion, proposal, order, advice, demand 等名词作主语时,其后面的表语从句中也用虚拟语气, 即should +原形动词, should也可以省略.1)My advice is that you (should) give up smoking.c. wish 后面所跟宾语从句要求谓语动词用虚拟语气.e.g.I wish thatshe were here with me and that we weren’t sick. I wish I had sent the old man to hospital in time.d. 在as if引起的从句中,动词一般用虚拟语气, 通常用weree.g. People treat me as if I were a dangerous person.I remember the whole thing as if it happened yesterday.f. 同位语从句表示法.That evening came the order that we (should) cross the river at once.虚拟语气中常见的句型有1. It is (high / about) time that…这一从句的谓语动词用过去式或should + 原形动词, 其中should不可以省略. 此句型译为”该是……时候了”.2. would rather sb. did sth. / had done sth.此句型表示”宁愿让某人……”,如果是没有发生的动作, 从句用过去时; 如果是已经发生的事, 从句用过去完成时. 1)I’d rather you left tomorrow.2)I’d rather they hadn’t gone to school yesterday.3. if only…此句型表示”要是……就好了”.其后面句子的时态与wish引导的宾语从句相同, 既:如果虚拟现在, 要用一般过去时; 如果是虚拟过去, 要用过去完成时; 如果是虚拟将来, 则应该用 would 或 could加原形动词.1)If only I were a bird! 2)If only I had worked hard as a student! 3)If only I could land on the moon!4. 连接词in case可用来引起的虚拟语气. 形式通常为: in case + 主语 + should +动词原形. in case句中should 的可以省去, 也可以不用虚拟语气, 而用陈述语气.1)He took his rain coat with him in case it should rain.2)He doesn’t dare to leave the house in case he is (should be) recognized.虚拟语气专项练习二20. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west, so it seems as if the sun ________round the earth.A. were circlingB. circlesC. is circling D . be circling21. I wish that I _____ with you last night. A. went B. have gone C. could go D. could have gone22. I wish I ___________ with her. A. would be B. am C. was D. were23. I wish that I_____________ the concert last night.A. couldB. have attendedC. could have attendedD. attended24. The picture exhibition bored me to death. I wish I_______________ to it.A. had not goneB. have not goneC. did not goD. can not have gone25. "I wish you___________ me to put these things away," he said.A. will helpB. helpC. are helpingD. would help26. If the Watergate Incident_____________ Nixon would not have resigned from the presidency.A. did not occurB. had not occurredC. was not occurringD. be circling27. I hadn't expected ________James to apologize but I had hoped .A. him calling meB. that he would call meC. him to call meD. that he call me28. George would certainly have attended the meeting, ____________________ .A. if he didn't get a flat tireB. if the flat tire hadn't happenedC. had he not had a flat tireD. had the tire not flattened itself29. The teacher suggested that her students _____________ experiences with ESP.A. write a composition on theirB. to write composition about theC. wrote some compositions of his or herD. had written any compositions for his30. He speaks Chinese as fluently as if he ______________a Chinese.A. wereB. had beenC. isD. has been31. As usual, he put on a show as though his trip____ a great success.A. had beenB. has beenC. wereD. was32. Looking round the town, he felt as though he ______________ away for ages.A. has beenB. wasC. isD. had been33. John is so strongly built that he looks as if he ______as elephant.A. liftsB. is liftingC. LiftedD. could lift34. He described the town as if he_____________ it himself. A. had seen B. has seen C. saw D. sees35. At that thought he shook himself, as though he _____________from an evil dream.A. wokeB. wakesC. would wakeD. had woke36. Most insurance agents would rather you ___________ anything about collecting claims until they investigate the situation. A. do B. don't C. didn't D. didn't do37. Although most adopted persons want the right to know who ______________their natural parents are, some who have found them wish that they the experience of meeting.A. hadn'tB. didn't have hadC. hadn't hadD. hadn't have38. It is important that the TOEFL office ________ your registration.A. will confirmB. confirmC. confirmsD. must confirm39. without electronic computers, much of today's ___________advanced technology.A. will not have been achievedB. have not been achievedC. would not have been achievedD. had not been achieved40. He speaks Chinese as fluently as if he ____________a Chinese.A. wereB. had beenC. isD. has been41. It is time that the government ______________measures to protect the rare birds and animals.A. takesB. tookC. has takenD. taking42. Some people are too particular about school records, insisting that every applicant ___all diplomas from elementary school to university. A. has B. will have C. should have D. must have43. He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he _____ to the meeting.A. would comeB. CameC. would have comeD. had come44. I must say he reads very well, and I shouldn't be surprised if he___________ acting for a living one day.A. had taken upB. takes upC. have taken upD. would have taken up45. If I had seen the movie, I ______________ you all about it now.A. would tellB. will tellC. have toldD. would have told46. I hadn't expected ______Henry to apologize but I had hoped .A. him to call me upB. him calling me upC. that he would call me upD. that he will call me47. I had hoped that John ____________a year in Africa, but he stayed there only for three months.A. spendsB. spentC. would spendD. will spend48. I had hoped that Jennifer___________ a doctor, but she wasn't good enough at science.A. will becomeB. becameC. would becomeD. becomes49. I'd rather you ___________ anything about it for the time being.A. doB. didn't doC. don'tD. didn't50. I'd just as soon_______ rudely to her.A. that you won't speakB. you not speakingC. you not speakD. you didn't speak51. It's high time they____________ this road. A. mend B. mended C. must have mended D. will mend52. It's about time people______ notice of what women did during the war.A. takeB. tookC. have takenD. will take53. Everybody has arrived. It's time we___________ the class.A. shall startB. would startC. had startedD. start54. ___________ the English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday.A. In spite ofB. But forC. Because ofD. As for55. Mary ___my letter; otherwise she would have replied before now.A. has receivedB. ought to have receivedC. couldn't have receivedD. shouldn't have received56. John did not feel well yesterday; otherwise he _______to see his classmates off.A. cameB. would comeC. would have comeD. should be coming57. He's working hard for fear that he_____________ .A. should fall behindB. fell behindC. may fall behindD. would fall behind58. Without the dreams of the youth, this invention might____________ for a century.A. have been postponedB. has been postponedC. postponeD. be postponed59. In the past men generally preferred that their wives_______________ in the home.A. workedB. would workC. workD. were working60. For a child to give up his less mature idea for a more mature one, it requires that the child _____psychologically ready for the new idea. A. is B. were C. be D. would be61. Tom's father, as well as his mother,_______________ in New York for a few days more.A. ask him to stayB. ask he to stayC. asks he staysD. asks he stay62. Your advice that_____________ till next week is reasonable.A. she waitsB. she waitC. wait sheD. she waited64. It was essential that we lease before the end of the month.A. singB. singedC. had signedD. were signing65. It is appropriate that some time ______thorough study of the results of the Apollo mission.A. devotes toB. devoted toC. is devoted toD. be devoted to参考答案20．（A）as if引导的从句要求用虚拟语气，表示同时或将来的情况，动词要用过去式（be动词用were）或would(could等)+动词原形，本句话中指的是当时的情况，所以要用过去式，故（A）是正确答案。