4. 跳出字面选择合乎逻辑的词义 胆小如鼠: as timid as a rat/rabbit 落汤鸡: a drowned rat 养虎为患: to cherish a snake in one’s bosom 瓮中捉鳖: like a rat in the hole 如鱼得水: like a duck to water 愚蠢如猪: as stupid as a goose 犟得像头牛: as stubborn as a donkey/mule 像热锅上的蚂蚁： Like a hen on a hot girdle
3.根据搭配选择合适的词义
身体好，学习好，工作好。 Keep fit, study hard and work hard. 化 经济法制化: manage economic affairs within a framework 经济全球化: economic globalization 社会知识化: build a knowledge-driven society 国际关系民主化: the practice of democracy in international relations 国民经济信息化: build an information-based national economy 科研成果产业化: apply scientific research results to industrial production
3. 他们对这项计划提出了修改的意见。
4. 大家对这一做法很有意见。 5. 他们在会上闹起了意见。 6. 你应该听从医生的意见。 7. 他们就此问题取得了一致的意见。
8. 还有些未完成的事要处理。
9. 我们就这件事请教过他。 10.请回去吧，这里没你的事了。
翻译练习
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一窝蜜蜂 一窝小鸡 一窝幼犬 一群美女 一群猎狗 一群鸭 一群羚羊
汉译英时，要注意动词和宾语的搭配：
进行社会主义革命 进行一场激烈的争论 进行实地调查
to carry out socialist revolution
to carry on a spirited debate
to make an on-the-spot investigation to have a cordial conversation to commit aggression to hold consultation with
•3.根据搭配选词
Empty: house, room, cup, box, stomach, head, words表示“空 的，一无所有的” Vacant: position, room, house, seat表示“没有人占有的；空 缺的” Hollow: tree, voice, sound, cheeks表示“空洞的，虚的；不实 的；下陷的” Blank: look, mind, page, check表示“空白的，无表情的，无 思想的”
例2：“轻巧”的译法 • • • • • • 这摩托车很轻巧。 The motorcycle is light and handy. 她动作很轻巧。 She is nimble in movement. 你说得倒轻巧，你也给我捧个奖杯回来。 You talk as if it were just a walkover. Why not try yourself and see if you can bring back a trophy, too?
二、翻译中的选词
• 1.根据语义范围选词 • 总之，几年的实践表明，我们搞改革、开放的路子是对了。 • Of course, our achievements in the last few years have proved the correctness of our policies of reform and opening to the outside world. • 中国应该用时间向世界表明，中国反对霸权主义、强权政 治，永不称霸。 • China should show the world through its actions that she is opposed to hegemonism and power politics and will never seek hegemony. • 这是中国从几十年建设中得出的经验。 • That is what we have learnt from decades of development.
打篮球
打农药
play basketball
spray insecticide
• 两位领导就双边关系及共同关心的问题交换了意见。 • The two leaders exchanged views on bilateral relations and issues of common concern. • 党员应该虚心倾听群众意见。 • Party members should listen carefully to the opinions of the general public. • 他们对这项计划提出了修改意见。 • They offered some suggestions for the revision of the plan. • 大家对这一做法很有意见。 • Everyone complained against such a practice. • 他们在会上闹起了意见。 • They had a dispute at the meeting. • 你应该听从医生的意见。 • You should follow the doctor’s advice. • 他们就此问题取得了一致的意见。 • They reached a consensus on this issue.
• 2.从近义词中选词
生气发怒: angry表示一般生气, irate表示怒形于色, indignant表示义愤, wrathful表示盛怒, enraged表示狂怒, infuriated表示因愤恨而愤怒之意, incensed则有激怒之意。 打破：break最一般、最通用的词语, 意思是经打击或施压 而破碎；crack出现了裂缝，但还没有变成碎片； crush从 外面用力往内或从上往下而致碎； demolish破坏或铲平 （如土堆、建筑物、城堡等）； destroy完全摧毁，使之无 法复原； shatter突然使一物体粉碎；smash由于突如其来 的一阵暴力带一声响而彻底粉碎。
计划订好了。 The plan has been drawn up. 好，今天到此为止。 Well, let us call it a day. 你好。 How do you do?( or Hello!) 你留个电话，有事好跟你联系。 Give me your telephone number so that I can contact you when necessary. 今天下午好几个人找你。 Quite a few people came in looking for you this afternoon. 今天好热。 How hot it is today! 电影要放好长时间？ How long will the film last?
汉英词汇比较与翻译
一、翻译中的选义 1. 根据词典释义选择合适的词义
2. 根据语境选择合适的词义
例1：“好”的译法 好的开始是成功的一半。 Well begun, half done. 他身体很好。 He is very well. (or He is in the pink of health.) 邻居对她都很好。 Her neighbors are all very kind to her. 这我们好解决。 The problem can be easily solved.
例3：“考察”的译法 • 中国明朝的著名旅行家徐霞客一生周游考察了16个省，足 迹几乎遍布全国。 • In his lifetime, Xu Xiake, a great traveler in China’s Ming Dynasty, toured 16 provinces, leaving his footmarks in nearly every corner of the country. • 为了进行真实、细致的考察，他很少乘船、坐车。 • In order to get a detailed and truthful picture of the places he visited, he usually travelled on foot even when carriages and boats were available. • 他总是选择道路艰险的山区、人迹罕至的森林进行考察。 • He always preferred to venture into mountainous areas with rough tracks, and into forests seldom visited by human beings.
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还有些未完成的事要处理。 There is still some unfinished business to settle. 我们就这件事请教过他。 We have consulted him about the matter. 请回去吧，这里没你的事了。 Please go back. There is nothing of your concern now.
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A swarm of bees A brood of chickens A litter of pups A bevy of beautiful ladies A pack of hounds A team of ducks A herd of antelopes
• 积极支持: unfailing support • 积极的财政政策: proactive fiscal policy • 积极利用国外资源: make effective use of over意词语的不同搭配 一窝蜜蜂 一群美女 积极支持