低于
Formation Fracture Pressure 地层裂缝压力
SQUEEZE TECHNIQUES 挤入技术
• Pressure To Squeeze 挤入压力
– High Pressure Squeeze 高压挤入 – Low Pressure Squeeze 低压挤入
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Pumping Technique 泵入技术
高压不能确保置换在预期的位置
SQUEEZE TECHNIQUES 挤入技术
SQUEEZE TECHNIQUES 挤入技术
• Pressure To Squeeze 挤入压力 – High Pressure Squeeze 高压挤入 – Low Pressure Squeeze 低压挤入 Pumping Technique 泵入技术 – Hesitation Squeeze 延迟挤入 – Running or Walking Squeeze Placement Technique 置换技术 – Squeeze Packer 挤入封隔器 – Bradenhead (Including Coiled Tubing) Bradenhead (包含连续油管）
SQUEEZE CEMENTING 挤水泥固井
DEFINITION 定义
Squeeze Cementing is the process of applying hydraulic pressure to force or squeeze a cement slurry into the desired perforations, fractures, channels, or voids and force filtrate water from the slurry to create a solid mass which will harden to provide the desired seal. 挤水泥固井是指使用液体压力将水泥浆挤入要求的 射孔，裂缝，窜槽，或者孔隙，使水泥浆失水，形 成坚硬的固体，达到预期的密封作用。
“HESITATION” SQUEEZE “延迟”挤入
压力限制 水泥浆置换完成 挤入测试的压力
地 面 压 力
水泥浆进入地层 周期性停泵 泄压，检查回流
混拌和置换水泥浆
时间
“RUNNING/WALKING” SQUEEZE
压力限制 水泥浆置换完成 挤入测试的压力
地 面 压 力
水泥浆进入地层
混拌和置换水泥浆 泄压后检查回流
– Hesitation Squeeze 延迟挤入 – Running or Walking Squeeze – 一次性挤水泥
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Placement Technique 置换技术
– Squeeze Packer 挤入封隔器 – Bradenhead (Including Coiled Tubing) Bradenhead (包含连续油管）)
Squeeze Cementing is as much an Art as it is a Science. Area Experience is essential. 挤水泥固井做为一门技术，其实也是一门艺 术。需要现场经验。
PROBLEM DETERMINATION 考虑因素
• Why Are We Squeezing? 为什么要挤水泥固井？
初期固井残留的顶部封固不充分问题
– Repair casing leak 修复套管漏失
PROBLEM DETERMINATION 考虑因素
• What Criteria Should We Use For Determining The Need For A Squeeze Job? 决定使用挤水泥固井技术的标准 – Sonic evaluation logs 声波评价测井 – Primary cement job design 初级固井作业设计 – Primary cement job performance 初级固井作业的实施情况 • Flow rate 流速 • Centralization 居中 • Mud properties 泥浆性能 – Experience 经验 – Offset well data 临井资料
Fact - Cement particles are too large to enter the matrix of most formations except in cases of extremely high permeability or fractures. 需面对的事实-水泥浆颗粒太大，不能进入 大多数地 层的基岩，除非是高渗透性 地层 Fact - Filtrate enters formation 需面对的事实-泥浆滤液进入地层
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HIGH PRESSURE SQUEEZE 高压挤入
Surface Pressure 地面压力 + Displacement Fluid Hydrostatic 置换流体静液压力 + Cement Slurry Hydrostatic 水泥浆静液压力 = Total Bottom Hole Pressure 井底压力 Greater Than大于 Formation Fracture Pressure 地层裂缝压力
LOW PRESSURE SQUEEZE 低压挤入
Surface Pressure 地面压力 + Displacement Fluid Hydrostatic 置换流体静液压力 + Cement Slurry Hydrostatic (Low Fluid Loss Cement) 固井水泥浆静液压力 （低流体漏失固井） = Total Bottom Hole Pressure 井底压力 Less Than
MYTHS IN SQUEEZE CEMENTING 挤水泥固井的神话
MYTH - CEMENT SLURRY ENTERS THE FORMATION MATRIX 神话-水泥浆进入地层基岩
• • Cement average particle size 20-50 microns 水泥浆颗粒颗粒尺寸为20-50微米 > 2000 md formation permeability required 需要渗透性大于2000md的地层
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水泥会选择最容易的通道 Solids laden injection fluid should be avoided
应该避免含颗粒的液体注入流体
MYTH - HIGH FINAL SQUEEZE PRESSURE IS NECESSARY 挤入压力高是有必要的
Fact事实 • • Final Squeeze Pressure Does Not Need To Equal Future Working Pressure. 最终的挤入压力不需要与后期的工作压力一样 Squeeze Pressure Is Applied Across Node Before Cement Develops Compressive Strength 在水泥浆抗压强度形成前应在喷嘴处使用挤入压力 • • • Fractures May Be Created 可能会产生裂缝 Productivity May Be Damaged 可能会对产量有影响 High Pressure Does Not Ensure Placement In Desired Location
水
PROBLEM DETERMINATION 考虑因素
Why Are We Squeezing?
为什么挤水泥固井 – Repair mud or gas channeling on primary cement job 固井作业前期修复泥浆槽或者窜槽 – Isolate a formation prior to perforating 射孔前首先隔离地层 – Insufficient top of cement on primary job
气
• Shut off unwanted water or gas production
封堵不需要的水或者气 • Abandonment of non-productive zone
油
放弃非生产产层 • Seal off troublesome zone during drilling 在钻进过程中密封易出问题的地层 • Injection profile modification in injection wells 在注入井中修正注入曲线
PROBLEM DETERMINATION 考虑因素
• Will A Squeeze Job Do What We Want It To? 挤水泥固井是否能达到预期的效果
– Most voids and channels will be fluid-filled. 大多数孔隙和窜槽被流体填充 – Mud channels must be displaced for squeeze to work. 必须对泥浆槽进行置换，为固井作业提供条件 – Most channels cannot receive cement slurry under squeeze pressure. 大多数窜槽因受挤入压力而无法接受水泥浆 – High pressure squeeze increases formation stress around the wellbore. 高压挤入增加了井眼周围的地层应力
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SQUEEZE TOOL METHOD 挤入工具方法
• Retrievable Or Drillable Squeeze Packer Set Above Injection Point 可回收或者可钻式挤入封隔器 • Isolates Casing Above Packer From Squeeze Pressure