考研英语:2002翻译真题精练精讲————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期:ﻩ考研英语:20０2翻译真题精练精讲一、全真试题Almｏst ａll our mａjor proｂｌems iｎｖolｖｅ humａn beｈaｖior,and the ｙ cannoｔbｅ soｌvｅd by pｈysicａl ａnd bioｌoｇicａl technｏlｏｇｙal ｏｎｅ. Ｗhat is needed iｓ a tecｈｎology of behaviｏr，buｔ we haｖe beｅｎsｌow ｔｏｄeｖelｏｐ thｅｓcｉeｎce ｆrom ｗｈｉｃｈｓｕch a teｃｈnｏlｏgy mｉｇht ｂｅ dｒawn.61)Onｅ difficulty iｓ that almoｓt alｌof what ｉｓc ａｌlｅd behaｖiｏral ｓcienｃｅ cｏntinｕes to ｔrace ｂeｈavioｒｔo state ｓof mｉnd,feelinｇｓ,traitｓｏf charａcｔer，humａn natｕｒe，and ｓo ｏn.Ｐhｙsｉcｓ aｎｄｂioloｇy onｃｅ foｌlowｅd siｍｉlaｒｐrａcｔices ａnｄa ｄvanced ｏnlｙ when ｔhey ｄiscardeｄｔhｅm.６2)Tｈe ｂehａvioral ｓｃieｎｃｅs ｈavｅｂeｅn ｓlow tｏ cｈange pａｒｔly because the eｘplaｎatoｒy ｉt ｅmｓｏfｔeｎ seem to bｅｄｉrectly ｏbｓerｖｅd aｎd partｌｙｂｅcａusｅ ot ｈer kiｎds oｆｅxｐlａｎationｓ have ｂeen hard ｔｏ fiｎd．The eｎｖironment is ｏbviｏusly ｉmportａnt，buｔｉts rｏｌe ｈas remａined obscure. It does n ｏt push oｒ pull,it seleｃts,aｎｄtｈｉｓｆuncｔion iｓ difｆiｃulｔｔo ｄisｃｏver aｎd ａnalyｚｅ．６3）Tｈe rｏle of natural seｌection in evolutiｏn ｗas forｍulated onlｙ a ｌiｔtle ｍｏre than a hunｄred years ａgo，aｎd t ｈｅ sｅlecｔive ｒole oｆtｈe eｎviroｎment in shaping aｎd mａintａining thｅｂehaviｏｒof tｈｅ iｎdｉviｄｕal is ｏnly bｅgiｎnｉng to be rｅcoｇnized ａnd stｕｄieｄ．As the iｎｔeｒaｃtｉoｎ betｗeen orgａnism anｄ enｖironment ｈａs come to be undｅrstood,however,effects onｃe assiｇnｅd to sta ｔeｓｏf mｉｎｄ，feｅlings,anｄ traits are ｂegｉnning to be trａced to acc ｅssiｂｌe coｎditionｓ,and a teｃhnolｏgy of beｈavior may tｈerefoｒｅ beｃom ｅ aｖaｉlａble. It ｗiｌl not ｓｏｌve our ｐroｂｌemｓ,however,until it ｒeplａces tｒadiｔiｏnａl prｅｓciｅntific vｉeｗs,anｄ tｈeｓe are strongly ｅｎtｒｅnｃhed． Freedｏm anｄdｉｇniｔy iｌlusｔrate thｅｄiffｉculty．6４）T ｈeｙ aｒe the posｓessｉons oｆ tｈe aｕtonｏmｏus(ｓelｆ-gｏｖerning）man o ｆ tｒａｄitional theorｙ,and ｔhey ａre ｅssential tｏpracticeｓin ｗｈi ｃh a person is held resｐonsible fｏr his cｏnducｔand gｉｖen ｃｒeｄiｔ fo ｒ hｉs aｃhｉevements.A scｉentifｉc ａnaｌｙｓis shifts both tｈｅrｅsponｓibｉlity anｄｔhe acｈｉevemｅnt tｏ the ｅｎvironｍent．It alsｏｒａiｓｅs ｑuestｉons coｎcｅrning “valuｅｓ”. Ｗｈo will ｕse ａ technｏlo ｇｙ aｎｄ to what ｅnds?6５）Uｎtiｌ thｅse issｕes are resoｌveｄ,a teｃｈｎologｙｏf beｈａvior ｗiｌl contiｎue to bｅｒejｅｃｔｅd，and ｗiｔｈ iｔpossibｌｙ the onｌy way ｔo soｌve oｕr problｅmｓ.二、翻译题解(61)Ｏne ｄｉｆfiｃulｔyistｈaｔalｍoｓt all ofwhaｔｉｓｃaｌleｄ bｅhavioral sciｅnｃecontiｎuestｏｔracｅｂeｈavior ｔｏstates of mind, ｆｅｅliｎｇs, tｒaits of ｃｈaractｅr, huｍan naturｅ, and sｏ on．句子拆分：拆分点参考:从属连词，谓语动词One ｄifficulｔｙis //that aｌmost all ｏｆ what is called behavioraｌsciencｅ／/ conｔinues to trａce behavior ｔo statｅs ｏf mind, feelings, ｔｒａｉtｓ of chaｒacteｒ， hｕman nａtuｒe， anｄ so on.解析:(1)主干结构是Ｏnｅｄiｆｆiｃｕlｔy iｓ tｈat...(2）ａlｍｏst all oｆwhaｔis called ｂehavｉoral scｉｅｎce是表语从句中的主语部分，后面是简单的谓语和宾语结构。
词的处理:ｃonｔinuｅs ｔo traｃe bｅhavｉor tｏ..．继续针对……研究行为beｈavioraｌ scｉence行为科学ｓtａtｅs of miｎd心态，意识状态ｆeeｌings感情traitｓｏｆｃｈaracｔer性格特点技巧点拨：（１)what和that引导的名词性从句直接翻译均可,无需调整顺序。
（2)减词法：短语ｓtates of mind(心理状态）、ｔraｉts of chaｒａcter（性格特征）、huｍan naｔｕre(人类本性)均可以采用减词法,分别翻译成两个字的形式:“心态”“性格”“人性”，朗朗上口，符合汉语对仗的习惯。
完整译文:难题之一在于所谓的行为科学几乎全都依然从心态、情感、性格（特征）、人性等方面去寻找行为的根源。
（６２）The behavｉoral scieｎcesｈａve beeｎｓｌow to cｈanｇe partlyｂｅｃａusｅthe ｅxplanaｔory iｔeｍs ｏfｔｅnseｅmｔｏｂe dｉreｃｔｌy ｏbserv ｅd anｄｐａrtlｙbecauｓeotｈer ｋinds of explanatｉｏnshaｖｅ beenｈarｄ to find.句子拆分：拆分点参考：连词The behavｉoｒal sciｅnceｓ have ｂeen sｌow ｔo cｈange//pａrｔly beｃａuse tｈe explanatｏry items ofteｎsｅeｍｔo ｂe direｃtly obsｅrveｄand／／partly becａuse oｔheｒkinds of eｘpｌaｎａｔions havｅ been ｈard ｔo f ｉnd．解析:(1)主句是The behａvｉoral sciences ｈａve been slow ｔo chａnge。
(2）ａnｄ连接两个并列的原因状语从句:parｔｌy bｅcａuse ．.. and partly ｂecause .．．。
词的处理：thｅ exｐlａnａtｏry ｉtems用以解释的要素、依据（内容，项目)other ｋinds of explanatiｏｎs其他解释方式技巧点拨:（1)汉语中习惯前因后果，故原则上本句中的原因状语需要翻译到主句之前；但也有例外,我们可以借助词汇进行处理,用六个字“之所以．...．.是因为（原因是)．..．..”,这样就不需要对原文大动干戈了。
（２)被动语态to be ｄireｃtly obseｒved（直接被观察到）,可采用省略“被”字的翻译方法,译为“直接观察到”,这在汉语中与“水可以直接喝”类似,都是用主动的词汇表达被动的意思。
(3)两个原因状语从句的主语并列，可以在翻译的时候相互印证借鉴，如ｅxplanａtor ｙｉｔeｍs翻译成“解释依据”对大多数同学来说难度很大,但是与其并列的oｔｈer ｋinds oｆｅｘpｌanａtｉonｓ提示考生eｘｐlａnａtorｙ iｔems翻译成ｅxｐlnatｉｏn ｓ也算正确，因为它们是并列的,意思也应一致。
完整译文：行为科学之所以发展缓慢，部分原因是用来解释行为的依据似乎往往是直接观察到的，部分原因是其他的解释方式一直难以找到。
(63）Ｔhe ｒole of ｎatuｒaｌｓelecｔion in evｏlutｉoｎ／/ｗas fｏrmuｌa ｔｅｄｏnly a ｌittｌe more ｔhaｎａｈunｄred years agｏ, //andthe ｓｅlect ｉvｅ rｏle of the eｎviｒｏnment in shaｐｉnｇ and maｉnｔaiｎinｇ the beｈa ｖiｏｒ oｆ the indiｖidｕaｌ／/isonly begiｎning ｔo bｅｒecoｇnized ａnd studiｅd.句子拆分：拆分点参考:谓语动词,连词Thｅ role oｆnａtural seｌectioｎ iｎ evｏluｔiｏn/／ｗaｓ forｍulated only ａｌiｔtle ｍore tｈaｎａ hundｒed ｙｅars ａｇo， //and thｅ seｌective rol ｅ oｆ the eｎviroｎmenｔｉn ｓhaping ａｎd maintaｉnｉｎg ｔhｅｂｅhavior of the indivｉｄual//iｓｏnly ｂｅgｉnning to bｅrecognｉzｅｄand studied.解析:（1)本句为并列复合句，是由and连接的两个简单句构成的。