灵宝市污水处理厂初步设计摘要水是人类的生命之源，它孕育和滋养了地球上的一切生物，并从各个方面为人类服务。
但是，水环境中的淡水资源却很少，仅占总量的2.53%，而目前能供人类直接取用的淡水资源仅占0.22%。
加之自然水源的季节变化和地区差异，以及自然水体遭到的普遍污染，致使可能直接取用的优质水量日益短缺，难以满足人们生活和工农业生产日益增长的需求，因此保护和珍惜水资源，是整个社会的共同职责。
所以说水资源是基础性自然资源、战略性经济资源，水资源安全属于资源和经济安全。
80年代以来，废水生物处理新工艺的研究、开发和应用，已在全世界范围内得到了长足的进展，并出现了许多新型的废水生物处理技术。
这些新工艺有的已在国内外实际工程中得到了良好的应用，有的已显示出其良好的应用发展前景、得到广大的研究者和工程技术人员的关注并正在得到不断深入的研究，他们的共同特点是高效、稳定、节能，并具有对污染物去除的多功能性，大多具有脱氮除磷等深度处理的良好效能，并正朝自动化控制的方向发展。
近年来，随着灵宝市经济不断发展，人口和工业产值也随之增加，生活用水和工业用水的需求也急剧扩大，如此必然引起污水量的增加，一系列水环境问题将日益突出。
如不及时对产生的污水进行治理，那么灵宝市的水环境污染将严重下去，整个市区的生活环境和生态平衡都将受到更为严重的破坏，而这一切的恢复将是十分缓慢的，要为之付出的代价也十分昂贵。
因此，必须建立一座生活污水处理厂。
污水通过治理可以缓解和减轻水环境污染，缓解水资源的供需矛盾，为灵宝市的经济文化的发展创造有利条件。
工程的兴建，一方面为人们提供优质的生活污水，提高人们的生活质量和健康水平；另一方面是工业用水水质得到保障。
本设计是针对灵宝市的实际情况而设计的。
由于灵宝市生活用水的流量较大、SS含量高、氮磷等也都需要有一定的去除。
A2/O在同时脱氮除磷去除有机物的的工艺中，该工艺流程最为简单，总水力停留时间也少于同类其他工艺，在厌氧—缺氧—好氧交替运行下，丝菌不会大量繁殖，SVI一般小于100，不会发生污泥膨胀等优点。
关键词：污水处理，A2/O，脱氮除磷The Process Design for LingBao Wastewater TreatmentPlantABSTRACTWater is the source of human life, conceived and nourish the all living things on the earth, and from all aspects for human services. However, fresh water resources in water environment is rarely, accounts for only 2.53% of the total, and can now directly access for human accounted for only 0.22% of freshwater resources. Combined with the seasonal variation and regional differences of natural water sources, as well as the general pollution of natural water bodies, and can directly access the water quality of increasingly scarce, hard to meet the needs of people's life and industrial and agricultural production is increasing, so protect and cherish water resources, is a common responsibility of society as a whole. So water is the foundational natural resource and strategic economic resources, water resources security belongs to resources and economic security.Since the 80 s, a new process for biological treatment of wastewater in the research, development and application, it has been great progress in worldwide, and led to many new types of wastewater biological treatment technology. Some of these new techniques has got good application in practical engineering at home and abroad, some of which have been showing its good application prospect, receive the attention of researchers and engineers and is being constantly in-depth study, their common characteristic is high efficiency, stability, energy saving, and has the versatility of pollutant removal, most has the depth of processing such as nitrogen and phosphorus in good efficiency, and is developing in the direction of the automation control.In recent years, With the economic development of LingBao, population and industrial output also increased, the living water and industrial water demand is increasing dramatically, so will cause the increased amount ofsewage, a series of water environment problem increasingly prominent. If not in time to producesewage treatment, so LingBao serious water environment pollution, the whole urban living environment and ecological balance will be more serious damage, the recovery of all of these will be very slow, to pay the price is also very expensive. So we must build a sewage treatment plant. Sewage through governance can relieve and reduce the water pollution of the environment, ease the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources, for the economic and cultural development of LingBao create favorable conditions. Engineering construction, on the one hand provide people with the high quality of sewage, improve people's quality of life and health level; On the other hand is the industrial water quality guaranteed. This design is designed according to actual situation of LingBao. Because of its high LingBao life water flow, high SS content, nitrogen and phosphorus are also need to have a certain removal. A2O denitrification and phosphorus removal at the same time in the process of the organic matter, the process is the most simple, always similar hydraulic retention time is less than other processes, the alternating anaerobic - anoxic - aerobic running, bacteria will not thrive, SVI generally less than 100, advantages of sludge bulking will not occur.KEY WORDS: Wastewater Treatment，A2/O，Nitrogen and phosphorus removal目录前言 (1)第1章设计概论 (3)1.1 设计依据和任务 (3)1.1.1原始依据 (3)1.1.2 设计内容 (3)1.1.3 设计要求 (4)第2章工艺流程图的确定 (5)2.1 工艺流程的方案比较 (5)2.1.1 SBR工艺 (5)2.1.2 氧化沟工艺 (6)2.1.3 A2/O工艺 (7)2.2 工艺流程的选择 (8)2.2.1 污水处理工艺 (9)2.2.2污泥处理工艺 (11)第3章主要构筑物计算 (13)3.1 污水主干管 (13)3.1.1 设计参数 (13)3.1.2 泵前中格栅 (13)3.2 污水提升泵房 (15)3.3泵后细格栅 (16)3.4 沉砂池 (18)3.5 初沉池 (20)3.6 A2/O工艺 (22)3.7曝气系统设计计算 (25)3.8二沉池 (28)3.9接触池与加氯间 (30)3.10污泥泵房 (31)3.11污泥浓缩池 (32)3.12贮泥池 (33)3.13脱水间 (33)第4章平面及高程布置 (35)4.1污水厂的平面布置 (35)4.1.1平面布置的一般原则 (35)4.1.2平面布置的具体内容 (35)4.2污水厂的高程布置 (36)4.2.1 高程布置原则 (36)4.2.2 高程布置的注意事项 (36)4.2.3 高程布置方法 (37)4.2.4高程布置计算 (38)4.2.5污水提升泵静扬程校核 (40)4.2.6污泥高程设计计算 (41)结论 (42)谢辞 (43)参考文献 (44)外文资料翻译 (45)前言本次毕业设计的课题是河南省灵宝市污水处理厂初步设计。