1 The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement originating in France, which attracted widespread support among the ruling and intellectual classes of Europe and North America in the second half of the 18th century.
2 John Locke and Isaac Newton, their theories fostered the belief in natural law and universal order, and established confidence in human reason.
3 The major force of the Enlightenment was, however, the French philosophies. Among them were such well-know men of letters as Montesquieu, V oltaire and Rousseau. Diederot.
4 the spirit of this revolution is crystallized结晶in a powerful statement written in The Declaration of independence.
5The seizure of the Bastille marked the end of the French monarchy, and the First French Republic was born in 1792. Guiding this revolution is a document called Declaration of the Rights of Man.
6 Montesquieu was the first of the great French men of letters associated with the Enlightenment.
7 The Spirit of the Law is an investigation of the environmental and social relationships that lie behind the laws of civilized society.
8 Candide is a satire on the previous adventure novels of the age.
9 In The Origin of Human Inquality Rousseau argues that the social
order of civilized society introduce inequality and unhappiness .This social order rests upon private.
10 Confessions is famous as a Literary expression of a writer’s rememberance of things past .
11 Diderot, the 18th century French philosopher and man of letters, is best known as the editor of the Encyclopedic.
12 Philosophical Thoughts «哲学断想» was concemed with the question of the relationship between nature and relity.
15 Jonathan Swift, churchman, political writer and poet , is the foremost satirist in the English Language and one of the satiric masters of all time.
16 Samuel Richardson, novelist, is often called the founder of the English domestic novel.
17 Henry Fielding , novelist, dramatist, and essayist , was called by Sir Walter Scott the father of the English novel.
18 He also edited Shakespeare’s plays with perceptive notes.颇有见解的解释
20 Lessing was the first German dramatist of lasting importance and the most brilliant representative of the German Enlightenment.
21 Lessing’s works reveal the two guiding principles of his own life---truth and reason.
22 Goethe was the greatest of all German poets and the outstanding figure of world literature since the Renaissance.
23 poetry and Truth is an autobiography of Goethe in four volumes.
24 Schiller and his contemporary Goethe are the chief representatives of German classicism.
25 Kant argued that knowledge is the joint product of both sense and reason.
25 He believed that all the stars hand been gathered –or were being gathered ---into such systems of planets and suns ; and he added a significant phrase Creation is never complete: it is ever going on.
26 Rococo style in art is usually associated with architecture and interior decoration.
27 In The Age of Enlightenment, the Classical Period was roughly between 1750 and 1820
28. Joseph Haydn was an Austrian composer.
选择
C 29 Whose doctrines of the separation of powers became one of the most important principles of the U.S Constitutions?
A John locke b Rousseau
C Montesquieu d V oltaire
A 30 Which of the following works is the most famous among V oltai re’s novels?
A Candide b The New Heloise
C Emile d Laocoon
B 31 Who ever said that ‘man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains’?
A Montesquieu b Rousseau
C V oltaire d Diderot
A 32 Which of the following works is a classic of modern aesthetics?
A Laocoon b Faust
C The Robber d Wallensteirl
A 33 Which of the following philosophers first proposes the well-know ‘nebular hypothesis’?
A Kant b Descartes
C Locke d Hobbes
D 34 Which play by Schiller is widely known in China?
A The Robber b Wallenstein
C Wilhelm Tell d Cabal and Love。