the dominant culture within a country.指一个国家内主流文化成员之间的信息交换过程。
Chapter 5
33. 世界观 worldview :is the belief that we hold explaining the cosmos God,the nature of humanityand
race ,but different ethnic backgrounds . 指同一种族，不同民族背景的人们之间的交际。
31. 跨 种 族 交 际 interracial communication:occurs when the sender and the receiver exchanging
form of overt or covert penalty.
规范指的是正确和不正确行为根深蒂固的文化原则，这种不正确的行为一旦发生，就意味着一
种显性或隐性的处罚。
Chapter 2
12. Enculturation is the socialization process you go through to adapt to your society.
10. Rules may refers to socially agreed-on behavior or to individual guidelines for behavior.
规则:社会认同的行为或行为的个体原则。
11.
Norms are culturally ingrained principles of correct and incorrect behaviors which, if broken carry a
亚文化:具有能在更大的一个社会范围内或主流文化中使自己有别于他人的特点的人类群体所
形成的文化。
9.
Subgroup are groups with the dominant culture does not agree and with which it has
communication problems. 亚群体:与主流文化不一致，并与主流文化有交际障碍的交际群体。
nature.指我们持有的对宇宙，神，人本质及自然的最根本的看法。
34. 宗教 religion refers to belief in and reverence for a supernatural power or powers regarded as creator
and governor of the universe. 对超自然力量宇宙创造者和控制者权力的相信与崇敬。
14. 分 隔 和 隔 离 separation and segregation refer to maintaining one’s original culture and not
participating in the new culture.
在文化适应过程中保留了原有文化，完全没有接受和习得新文化。
4.
Microcultures:cultures within cultures 微观文化：文化中的文化
5.
Intercultural communication refers to communication between people whose culture perceptions
and symbol systems are distinct enough to alter the communication event.
人们意识到周围环境的神经过程。
39. 低语境 low context：交际过程中所产生的信息量的大部分由显性的语码负载，只有少量的信息
15. 融 合 Integration takes place when individuals become an integral part of the new culture while
maintaining their cultural integrity integration ensures a continuity of culture.
文化是习得的一套关于信仰，价值观，规范的公认的解释，这些信仰，价值观，规范对相当大
人类群体的行为产生影响。
7.
Culture identity refers to one’s sense of belonging to a particular culture or ethnic group.
文化身份：指有意识地把自己归为某一特定文化或种族群体。
exclusively with one another and who therefore have the ability to adapt their messages specifically
for those others and to obtain immediate interpretaions from them.指少数人之间的交往他们既能根
宗教，或者具有同样兴趣的人们之间的交际。
29. 国家间交际 internation communication 指国家和政府而非个人之间的交际，此种交际非常正式
和仪式化。
30. 跨 民 族 交 际 interthnic communication ： refers to communication between people of the same
失去了心理联系。
18. 文化 震荡 Culture shock refers to the traumatic experience that an individual may encounter when
entering a different culture.人们在进入一种新文化环境时，遭遇的痛苦和难忘的经历。
society.宏观文化意味着种族差异的消失和一个大社会的形成。
3.
Melting pot means a sociocultural assimilation of people of different backgrounds and nationlities.
熔炉:不同背景和国籍的人们之间的社会文化的同化。
1.
Globalization is considered as a process of increasing involvment in international business
operations.经济学视角中的全球化表现为不断增加的国际商务往来过程。
2.
Macroculture :The term macroculture implies losing ethnic differences and forming one large
8.
Subculture are formed by groups of people possessing characteristic traits that set apart and
distinguish them from others within a larger society or dominant culture.
在文化适应中人们成为新文化的一部分，同时又保留了自己文化的完整性。
16. 同 化 Assimilation is the degree to which an individual relinquishes an original culture for
another .when individuals are assimilated into a mainstream culture,they lose their previous culture.
21. 信息 message is the resulting object.是交流的内容，编码的结果。
22. 渠道 channel 是信息传递的手段。
23. 干扰 noise 指任何会曲解信息源所要表达的信息的事情。
24. 解码 decoing 信息接收者在积极参与交流的过程中对所接收到的符号信息赋予意义的过程。
25. 反馈 feedback 指信息接收者的反应被信息源所了解的那一部分反应。
26. 情境 context 交际发生的环境并且有助于解释交际内容的含义。
Chapter 4
27. 人 际 交 际 interpersonal communication: a small number of individuals who are interacting
Chapter 3
19. 信息源 source is the person with an idea he orshe desires to communicate 是具有交际需要和愿望的
具体的人。
20. 编码 encoding is the process of putting an idea into a symbol.是指将思想转换成代码的行为过程。
据对方调整自己的信息，又能立即从对方那里获得解释。
28. 内 文 化 交 际 intracultural communication is defined as communication between and among
members of the same culture .指同一文化内某成员之间的交际，总的来说，同一种族，政治倾向
社会文化适应：人们学习适应自己所在社会的文化的社会化过程。
13. Acculturation refers to an individual’s learning and adopting the norms and values人们学习适应新文化的社会规范和价值观的过程。
人们放弃原有文化，接受新文化的程度一旦被主流文化同化，人们就失去了原有的文化。
17. 边缘化 Marginalization or deculturation, refers to losing one’s cultural identity and not having any