从句翻译英语中的从句分：状语从句（时间、条件、原因、目的、地点、方式、比较、结果、让步从句）、名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）和定语从句。

第一节状语从句一、状语从句及其从属连词二、状语从句（一）时间、条件、让步、方式等从句可用省略形式转换为简单句，但前提是从句的主语必须与主句的主语一致。

例如：1. As (she was) a child, she began to learn French.她小的时候，就开始学习法语。

2. If (he was) alive, he must be at least ninety years old.如果他还活着，一定至少90岁了。

3. Although (he was) told to stop, he kept on working.尽管他被告知不要工作了，但他依然继续工作。

4. She won’t come to your birthday party unless invited.如果不被邀请，她是不会参加你的生日聚会的。

5. The boy looked as if (he were) afraid of nothing.这孩子看起来似乎无所畏惧。

6. If (it is) necessary, ring me up.如果有必要，给我电话。

（二）when, while, as引导的时间状语从句when时间状语中的谓语动词可延续，可非延续，有时译为“这时；突然”；while从句谓语动词必延续，有时译为“然而”；as强调主从句两谓语动词是同时发生或存在，常译为“一边……一边……”。

例如：1. We were about to leave when it began to rain.我们刚要离开，天就开始下雨了。

2. We are studying while he is sleeping.我们在学习，然而他在睡觉。

3. She sang as she walked.她一边走一边唱。

4. As the day went on, the weather got worse.随着日子的流逝，天气变得更坏了。

5. While / When taking a walk in the street, he saw an accident.在街上散步时，他看到了一起车祸。

（这句中While / When表当……时候，是可以互换的）（三）no sooner …than…,hardly(barely, scarcely)… when…, as soon as 都表示“一……就……”。

例如：1. He had no sooner seen the policeman than he ran away.他一看见警察，就跑掉了。

这种句型常用倒装形式：No sooner had he seen the policeman than he ran away.2. She had hardly sat down when the telephone rang.（Hardly had she sat down when the telephone.）她一坐下，电话就响了。

（四）immediately, directly, instantly, each time, the moment, the time, the minute, the second, the instant都可以直接引导时间状语从句, 都表示“一……就……”。

例如：1. I went to see him immediately I heard from him.我一收到他的信就去看他。

2. She let out a cry the moment she saw the snake.她一看到蛇就尖叫起来。

（五）not …until…的强调句型有两种形式：It is/was not until …that …或Not until在句首，这时后面的主句一定要倒装。

例如：直到他回来我才知道这事。

用强调句型译为：It was not until he came back that I knew it.Not until he came back did I know it.（六）Now that, in that, seeing(that), considering(that)也表原因状语，译为：既然……；由于……。

例如：1. Now that the weather has improved, let’s go out for a picnic.既然天气好转，让我们去野餐吧。

2. Theory is valuable in that it can provide a direction for practice.既然这理论能为实践提供指导，它还是有价值的。

3. Seeing (that) he refused to help us, there is no reason why we should now help them.既然他拒绝帮我们，现在我们没有理由帮他。

4. Now that you have finished your homework, you may go home now.既然你已经完成你的作业了，现在你可以回家了。

（七）if, unless, so(as) long as, in case, supposed that, supposing (that), provided (that), providing (that)都能引导条件状语从句，注意条件从句中要用一般现在时表示将来时。

例如：1. So long as you study hard, you will make great progress.只要你努力，你将会取得巨大的成绩。

2. In case she comes, let me know.万一她来，让我知道。

（八）although (though), even if (even though)引导让步状语从句，注意as也可以引导让步状语从句，但要倒装。

例如：1. Although she is young, she knows quite a lot.尽管她年龄小，但她知道的很多。

2. Clever as he is, he doesn’t study well.尽管他很聪明，但他不努力。

3. Child as he is, he can do it by himself.尽管他是个孩子，但他自己能搞定。

（九）would rather do…than do… , rather than do…, wou ld sooner do… than do…这三个句型都表示: “宁愿做……而不愿做……”。

例如：1. They would rather die as free men than live as slaves.他们宁愿作为自由人而死而不愿作为奴隶而生。

2. I decided to write rather than make a call.我决定写信而不打电话。

3. I would sooner die than do such a thing.我宁愿死也不做这样的事。

第二节名词性从句名词性从句共有四种：主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。

引导名词性从句的关系词：连词三个、连接代词五对、连接副词四个。

如下表：一、主语从句（一）that引导主语从句位于句首时不可省略。

例如：That you are coming to Beijing is good news to us.你要来北京对我们来说是个好消息。

（二）whether引导主语从句位于句首时不换成if，whether … or not 结构中也不用if。

例如：1. Whether Tom likes Beijing is not clear to us.汤母是否喜欢北京我们不清楚。

2. I don’t care whether I have that book or not.我不在乎是否有那样一本书。

二、宾语从句（一）注意句型：疑问词+do you think/believe/suppose+主谓……?不能倒装。

例如：What do you think your father bought there?（二）宾语从句不能倒装。

例如：1. These photographs will show you what our village looks like.2. Do you know what time the movie start ？三、表语从句注意句型：The reason …that …（……的原因是因为……）中that 不能换成because。

例如：1.The reason I plan to go is that she will be disappointed if I don’t.四、同位语从句（一）同位语从句一般跟在这类词后：news, fact, idea, order, hope, promise, problem, possibility等。

引导同位语从句最常用that，也有how, when, where等。

例如：I have no idea when he will be back.我不知道他什么时候回来。

（二）同位语从句与定语从句的区别：同位语从句中的that在从句中只起连接作用，不作句子成分，也不可以省略；定语从句中的that在从句中不仅起连接作用，在句子中作主语或宾语，作宾语时，可以省略。

例如：1. The news that we’ll go on a picnic this Sunday isn’t true.（同位语从句）这周末我们将去野餐的消息不是真的。

2. The news (that) you’ve heard isn’t true.（宾语从句）你听到的消息不是真的。

第三节定语从句一、引导定语从句的关系代词关系代词指在定语从句中充当主、宾或定语的连接词。

二、引导定语从句的关系副词关系副词指在定语从句中充当状语的连接词。

三、定语从句分析（一）关系代词与关系副词引导的定语从句区别：当先行词在从句中作主、宾或定语时，用关系代词；当先行词在从句中作状语时，用关系副词。

例如：I. I’ll never forget the day when I first came t o Beijing.2. I’ll never forget the days that /which we spent together.3. Hangzhou is a city where there is a beautiful lake.4. Hangzhou is a city that/which has a beautiful lake.5.The reason that/ which he told you isn’t believable.6. The reason why he didn’t come to school yesterday is that he wasill.（二）先行词为“物”时，只用that不用which的四种情况1．先行词是不定代词all, none, one, any, few, little, everything, nothing, anything，但something后可用that或which。