专业术语的中英文互译清算系统clearing system可兑换货币convertible currency远期汇票usance bill授权签字authorized signature托收指示collection instruction有条件的付款承诺conditional undertaking of payment合同义务contractual obligation全球金融同业通讯协会（简称）SWIFT全称也要会写SWIFT是（society for worldwide interbank financial telecommunications）环球银行间金融通信协会是一个由金融机构共同拥有的私营股份公司，按比利时的法律登记注册，由会员银行和其他金融机构协同管流通工具negotiable instrument承兑行accepting bankDishonor 拒付Bill of exchange 汇票D/A 承兑交单D/D demand draft 票汇International Factoring 国际保理Ocean Bill of lading 海运提单Presentation 提示Acceptance for honour 参加承兑Payment in advance 预付Release of commercial documents 放单Sight payment credit 即期付款信用证Non-trade settlement非贸易结算vostro account 来账nostro account 往账大量的专业术语参见书本P241——261的APPENDIX1, 对于平时上课笔记补充的一些专业术语也要求掌握。
用英文写出名词解释。
1、Bill of exchange：P28A Bill of exchange is an unconditional order in writing, addressed by one person to another, signed by the person giving it, requiring the person to whom it is addressed to pay on demand or at a fixed or determinable future time a sum certain in money to or the order of a specified person or to bearer.抬头2、Negotiation:P25(1) The process of talking about business between the sellers and the buyers. This process may result in a deal or bargain being made .(2)The purchase by a bank of bills of exchange from an exporter in a collection ,or a method of payment or settlement by bills of exchange in a documentary L/C transaction.(3)The transfer of a negotiable instrument to another party.3、stand by L/C 备用信用证P141备用信用证与独立保函功能相似．起源于美国，因＜美国联邦银行法＞规定美国的商业银行不得开出银行保函，为满足客户提出代其担保的要求，而开立实际是保函性质的备用信用证．备用证不是凭受益人提交的提单，箱单，发票等单据获得议付，而是凭受益人提交的证明对方当事人违约的书面文件获得银行的偿付．可参见＜国际备用证惯例＞Standby letters of credit are used as support where an alternative, less secure,method of payment has been agreed and the main purpose is to provide credit assurance.备用信用证是用来作为支持替代，更不安全，付款方式已商定，主要目的是提供信用保证。
4、reverse remittance 逆汇Reverse remittance indicates that the funds flow in the opposite direction of the credit instruments transmitted therefrom.逆汇表明，资金流在相反方向的信用工具传输由此。
5、International Factoring 国际保理International Factoring is a complete financial package that combines credit protection , accounts receivable bookkeeping ,and collection services.国际保理是一个完整的财务软件包，结合信用保护，应收账款记账，并收集服务。
( 6、L/G、(letter of guarantee)保函It may be defined as the irrevocable obligation of a bank to pay a sum of money in the event of non-performance of a contract by the principal .它可以被定义为不可撤销的义务，银行支付一笔钱的事件不能履行合同的主体。
7、Bill of Lading (B/L)提单Its’ definition vary from country to country. Broadly , it is a document issued by a carrier to a shipper ,signed by the captain, agent, or owner of a vessel ,furnishing written evidence regarding receipt of the goods, the condition on which transportation is made ,and the engagement to deliver goods at the prescribed port of destination to the lawful holder of the bill of lading.其定义因国而异。
广义地说，它是一个文件承运人签发给托运人的签字，队长，代理，或船主，提供书面证据就收到货物，运输条件，以及参与提供货物在指定的目的港的合法持有人的账单提单。
8、international settlementInternational settlements are financial activities conducted among different countries in which payments are effected or funds are transferred from one country to another in order to settle accounts, debts, claims, etc．国际结算是指不同国家之间进行的金融活动中，支付款项或转移资金从一国到另一个以清算，债务，和索赔过程中出现的政治，经济和文化之间的合同。
9、主要的与国际结算有关的组织的英文全称和缩写。
（P11——16）1>The International Monetary Fund (IMF)国际货币基金组织2>The World Bank Group 世界银行集团3>The International Chamber of Commerce (ICC)国际商会4>The ICC Commission on Banking Technique and Practice国际商会银行业务技术和惯例委员会10、主要的国际结算系统的英文全称和缩写还有他们的中文对应名称。
（P18——24）1>SWIFT (Society for World Inter-bank Financial Telecommunication)环球银行间金融电讯协会2>CHIPS (Clearing House Inter-bank Payment System)清算所同业支付系统3>CHAPS (Clearing House Automated Payment System)交换银行自动收付系统4>TARGET (Trans-European ,Automated Real-time Gross Settlement Express Transfer system)欧洲跨国大批量自动实时快速清算系统5>FED WIRE (Federal Reserve Wire Transfer System)美联储电汇系统11. Collection is an arrangement whereby the goods are shipped and the relevant bill of exchange is drawn by the seller on the buyer, and/or document(s) is sent to the seller’s bank with clear instructions for collection through one of its correspondent banks located in the domicile of the buyer.12.endorsement means that the holder of a bill transfers the bill by signing his name on the back of the bill or together with the name of the transferee(endorsee)13.A promissory note is unconditional promise in writing , made by one person（maker) to another(payee),signed by the maker, engaging to pay on demand or at fixed or determinable future time , a sum certain in money to or to the order of a specified person or to bearer.14 remittance refers to the transfer of funds from one party to another among different countries thorough banks.简答题。