现在分词作状语，常常用来表示原因、时间、 方式、结果、条件、让步、伴随状况等。现 在分词一般不用作表目的的状语（通常用不 定式表目的状语）。
1、作时间状语
• Walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.
• (=When I was walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.) 同时发生
Unit 4
Appreciation
Having an outing with your new schoolmates in next two days is another rewarding option. Besides broadening your horizon, traveling can bring you lasting friendship.
• Being a student, you should study hard.
• (=Since you are a student, you should study hard.)
• Not thinking he might be at home, I called him. • (=As I didn’t think he might be at home, I
A. as. The __A__ buildings showed us that an
earthquake was coming.
A. shaking B. shook C. shaken D. shake
3.The hotel __B____ now beside the park
attribute
定语 是修饰_名__词.单词作定语时通常放 在它所修饰的名词之_前____；短语和从句作定
语时则放在它所修饰的名词之_后____。
V-ing 形式作定语有以下几种情况：
• 1、表示其动作是其所修饰的名词发出的，与所修 饰的名词是主动关系。单个的V-ing形式作定语时， 通常放在被修饰词的前面；V-ing短语作定语时， 一般放在被修饰词的后面。
1.__D________ in the fields on a March afternoon, he
could feel the warmth of Spring.
A.To walk
B. Having walked
C. Walked
D. Walking
2. The old man, ___D_____ aboard for twenty years, is on
Whether you are lying in your bed at home or hanging out with new friends at school, there is still one task you should bear in mind: reviewing and previewing of your lessons are necessary.
• 2、表示所修饰的名词正在进行的动作。
• The performer entertaining the children is a friend of my father.
• 3、表示物体的用途。
• It is a bad habit to waste drinking water.
1. It’s a pleasure to watch the face of aC____ baby.
等。
现在分词作状语
现在分词作状语时, 分词的逻辑主语必须是 句子的主语, 分词必须和句中的主语含有逻辑 上的主谓关系, 否则不能用现在分词作状语。 但要注意它的各种形式变化:
主动形式 被动形式
一般式 V-ing
being V-ed
完成式 having V-ed having been V-ed
现在分词作状语
was designed by a group of young men.
A. to be built B. being built
C. built
D. building
adverbial
状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，
说明动作或状态的特征状语表示地点、时间、 原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、伴随情况
Growing up in Jiazhuang village of Shandong province, Jia Zuosheng failed the national college entrance exam twice, before going to study at a voluntary school in Qingdao in 2004.
• Having found her car stolen, she hurried to a policeman for help.
• (= After she found her car stolen, she hurried to a policeman for help .) 先发生
在逻辑上，当动词-ing形式表示的动作和句子谓语动词表示的 动作同时发生时用一般式（V-ing);在句子谓语动词表示的动作 之前发生时用完成式( having done).
called him.)
表示原因的动词-ing 形式一般放于句首，相当于一个原因状语 从句。其否定式直接在句首加 not.
the way back to his motherland.
A.to work
B. working
C. to have worked D. having worked
2、作原因状语
because, as, since
• Being ill, he didn’t go to school.
• (=Because/As he was ill, he didn’t go to school.)