河南科技大学2011年硕士研究生入学考试试题考试科目代码：211 考试科目名称：翻译硕士英语（如无特殊注明，所有答案必须写在答题纸上，否则以“0”分计算）Part ⅠGrammar and Vocabulary (30%)A. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence (20%).1. ____ in the past, at the moment it is a favorite choice for wedding gown.2. ____ for a long time, theC. There having been no rainD. There being no rain3. The millions of calculations involved, ____ by hand, would have lost all practical value by the time they were finished.A. had they been doneB. they had been doneC. having been doneD. they were done4. Televisions enable us to see things happen almost at the exact momentgC. which they happenD. when they have happenedA. to leaveB. leavingC. to have leftD. leave6. As the train will not leave until one hour later,8. Betty advised mA. Concerning C. In terms of D10. A well written composition ____ good choice of words and clear organization among other11. It is ____ with the customer not to let the shop assistants guess what she really likes and wants until13. George was introduced to ____ activities at a young age, when she was hire to act as a lookout for drug dealers.14. An institution that properly carries the name university is a more comprehensive and complex institution tA. settlementB. establishmentC. constructionD. structure16. JacA. strengthB. directionC. traditionD. tre18. Outside my office window there is a fire ____20. The electricA. pauseB. breakC. interruptionD. breakdownB. Put a word in each blank that is appropriate for the context (10%).Ah, daydreaming. Is 1 anything more pleasant than sitting back and letting your thoughts drift? Well, yes: 2 letting your thoughts drift, for one. Because according to a study published in the journal Science, people are least happy when their minds wander. [M. Killings and Daniel Gilbert, A Wandering Mind Is an Unhappy Mind]Humans, to a degree unmatched by other 3 , are capable of thinking about things outside the here and now— 4 that happened yesterday, or something they hope will happen tomorrow. It’s that sort of itinerant intellect 5 allows us to plan and to learn. But at what cost?Psychologists at Harvard used an iPhone app to find out. 6 random times throughout the day, the program asked some 2,200 participants what they were doing, what they were thinking about and 7 they felt. It turns out that people spend nearly half their waking hours thinking about something other than what they’re doing. And8 whether and where their thoughts tend to 9 is a better predictor of their feelings than what they’re actually up to. The scientists conclude that a wandering mind is an unhappy mind.10 try to focus on, and live in, the present. You might discover that happiness is just being where it’s happening.Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (40%)A.Read the following passages and answer the questions by choosing A, B, C, or D (20%)1.Bragging about your fancy new cell phone is a fleeting pleasure; after all, today's coolest modelsmeasured in years. So if you really want to be ahead of the tech curve, forget the cell-phone wars and check out the new 5.8-GHz cordless phones.Named after the frequency of the radio wave (measured in billions of cycles per second) that carries the signal between the handset and the base station, 5.8-GHz phones promise more clarity because there are fewer devices that operate on the same frequency and thus fewer to cause interference. If you have a cordless phone that is a couple of years old or even a new one that costs less than $50, chances are it is a 900-MHz model that is highly susceptible to static or buzzing from baby monitors, wireless speaker systems and your neighbors' 900-MHz phones. The newer 2.4-GHz units, introduced as an improvement over the 900-MHz models, do get less static, but wireless home networks and microwave ovens can still trigger a snap-crackle-pop effect. Not so the 5.8 GHz. So far, only a few companies sell the new models, and they don't come cheap. Uniden's TRU5865 costs $149, while the Vtech 5831 is $179. I preferred the Uniden because it was static free both inside my apartment and up to a block away. Its compact design hides the antenna inside the handset, and the glowing orange keys and display look sharp. The Vtech got equally clear reception indoors, but I could stray only a few buildings down the block before buzzing set in.But is it really worth an extra $100 (or more) to step up to 5.8 GHz? Maybe, when I tried out the Panasonic KX-TC1481B, a $39 900-MHz model, I could hear other conversations and even music coming through the phone. I got much clearer reception with the Motorola MA351, a $60 2.4-GHz model--except when I turned on my microwave oven and was assaulted by weird vibrating noises coming through the handset. Still, the Motorola is a decent option at a fair price.No matter which kind of phone you're considering, a few other factors are worth keeping in mind. First, ask about battery life. While I liked the reception best on the Uniden, for example, it can go only four hours between charges vs. eight on the Vtech.Next, find out if the phone is analog or digital. Both 5.8-MHz phones are digital, but that's not always the case with the models that use other frequencies, and this makes them an easier target for eavesdroppers. The best digitals use digital spread-spectrum (DDS) technology, which sends the signal down a broad range of frequencies to ensure that it gets through.Finally, shop at a store that offers a money-back guarantee. That way you can torture test the phone for a few days. Then, once you're certain everything's O.K., go ahead and start bragging about it to all your friends.1. How does the author introduce the topic?A. Explaining a phenomenonB. Justifying an assumption.C. Posing a contrastD. Making a comparison.2. Which of the following can be an advantage of Vtech over Uniden?A. A longer battery lifeB. Free of static interference.C. Fashionable outlookD. Compact design.3. The expression “susceptible to” (Line 5, Paragraph 2) most probably means __________.A. relevant withB. adaptable toC. immune fromD. sensitive to4. What is the most distinctive feature of5.8-GHz phones?A. Fairer priceB. Higher clarityC. More attractive modelD. No easier target for eavesdroppers.5. Which of the following is true according to the text?A. It is worthwhile to buy any of 5.8-GHz phones.B. Battery life determines your selection of the phone.C. The earlier you bought the phone, the more static interference you got.D. 5.8-GHz phones are becoming popular with consumers.2As colleges and universities send another wave of graduates out into the world this spring, thousands of other job seekers with liberal-arts degrees like Martin's find themselves in a similar bind. True enough, this is an era of record-breaking lows in unemployment. But technology companies, which are contributing the lion's share of new jobs, are simultaneously declaring a shortage of qualified workers. The emphasis is on the word qualified.It's no surprise that high-tech companies rarely hire liberal-arts graduates. "Our people, our marketers, even our attorneys have technical talent," says Tracy Koon, director of corporate affairs at Intel. The need for technical expertise is so pervasive that even retailers are demanding such skills. "Company-wide, we're looking for students with specific information-systems skills," says David McDearmon, director of field human resources at Dollar Tree Stores. "Typically we shy away from independent-college students who don't have them."Fortunately for Martin, some invaluable help was at hand when he needed it. The Virginia Foundation for Independent Colleges, a network of 15 liberal-arts colleges in the state, has teamed up with local companies to bridge the learning gap faced by its members' graduates. VFIC invited 30 companies, including First Union and Electronic Data Systems, to link the needs of businesses with the skills being taught in college classrooms. With grants from corporate sponsors like AT&T, VFIC asked 20 information-technology managers to help its members create an exam, based on the work students will be expected to do in the real world, to test and certify their technological proficiency.The result, Tek-Xam, is an eight-part test that requires students to design a website, build and analyze spreadsheets, research problems on the Internet and demonstrate understanding of legal and ethical issues. Says Linda Dalch, president of VFIC: "If an art-history major wants a job at a bank, he needs to prove he has the skills. That's where this credential can help." This year 245 students at VFIC's member colleges have gone through the program. The long-term hope is that Tek-Xam will win the same kind of acceptance as the LSAT or CPA for law or accounting students. "To know a student has taken the initiative and passed could mean that less training is needed," explains John Rudin, chief information officer at Reynolds Metals, one of the corporations that helped create the test.All this begs an important question: Has the traditional liberal-arts curriculum become obsolete? College presidents naturally argue that the skills their schools provide are invaluable. A B.A. degree, says Mary Brown Bullock of Atlanta's Agnes Scott College, "gives graduates the ability to reinvent themselves time and time again...and the knowledge and thinking skills that transcend a particular discipline or time frame."Martin is finding that to be the truth. "It would be nice to have computer classes on my transcript,"he says, but Tek-Xam has armed him with the power to learn those skills on his own--and a credential to show he has done so. He's now waiting to hear when his job as a network-support assistant for a large Boston firm will start.6. The main problem many liberal-arts students face in job seeking is ____________.A. too much competition in job marketB. their lack of technical expertiseC. company’s discrimination against liberal-arts studentsD. the recording-breaking unemployment rate7. It can be inferred from the text that _____________.A. in the modern era, technical talent means everything in securing a jobB. independent colleges are not giving their students proper educationC. retailers are following the fashion only to promote salesD. there is a big demand for students with technical skills8. Tek-Xam is designed to _____________.A. offer VFIC members’ graduates more job opportunitiesB. compete with LSAT and CPAC. help students cope with real world problemsD. test students’ technical skills9. We can draw a conclusion from the text that ____________.A. liberal arts education still proves valuable to studentsB.Tek-Xam is gaining wide acceptance among employers and students alikeC. technology companies are eager to promote Tek-XamD. computer classes will be excluded from the curriculum of liberal-arts students10. From the text we can see that the writer seems____________.A. positiveB. suspiciousC. pessimisticD. disapprovingB. Read the following passage and decide whether the statements are TRUE, FALSE, or NOT GIVEN (10%).3There's a dimmer switch inside the sun that causes its brightness to rise and fall on timescales of around 100,000 years - exactly the same period as between ice ages on Earth. So says a physicist who has created a computer model of our star's core.Robert Ehrlich of George Mason University in Fairfax, Virginia, modelled the effect of temperature fluctuations in the sun's interior. According to the standard view, the temperature of the sun's core is held constant by the opposing pressures of gravity and nuclear fusion. However, Ehrlich believed that slight variations should be possible.He took as his starting point the work of Attila Grandpierre of the Konkoly Observatory of theHungarian Academy of Sciences. In 2005, Grandpierre and a collaborator, Gábor Aacute calculated that magnetic fields in the sun's core could produce small instabilities in the solar plasma. These instabilities would induce localised oscillations in temperature.Ehrlich's model shows that whilst most of these oscillations cancel each other out, some reinforce one another and become long-lived temperature variations. The favoured frequencies allow the sun's core temperature to oscillate around its average temperature of 13.6 million kelvin in cycles lasting either 100,000 or 41,000 years. Ehrlich says that random interactions within the sun's magnetic field could flip the fluctuations from one cycle length to the other.These two timescales are instantly recognisable to anyone familiar with Earth's ice ages: for the past million years, ice ages have occurred roughly every 100,000 years. Before that, they occurred roughly every 41,000 years.Most scientists believe that the ice ages are the result of subtle changes in Earth's orbit, known as the Milankovitch cycles. One such cycle describes the way Earth's orbit gradually changes shape from a circle to a slight ellipse and back again roughly every 100,000 years. The theory says this alters the amount of solar radiation that Earth receives, triggering the ice ages. However, a persistent problem with this theory has been its inability to explain why the ice ages changed frequency a million years ago."In Milankovitch, there is certainly no good idea why the frequency should change from one to another," says Neil Edwards, a climatologist at the Open University in Milton Keynes, UK. Nor is the transition problem the only one the Milankovitch theory faces. Ehrlich and other critics claim that the temperature variations caused by Milankovitch cycles are simply not big enough to drive ice ages.However, Edwards believes the small changes in solar heating produced by Milankovitch cycles are then amplified by feedback mechanisms on Earth. For example, if sea ice begins to form because of a slight cooling, carbon dioxide that would otherwise have found its way into the atmosphere as part of the carbon cycle is locked into the ice. That weakens the greenhouse effect and Earth grows even colder.According to Edwards, there is no lack of such mechanisms. "If you add their effects together, there is more than enough feedback to make Milankovitch work," he says. "The problem now is identifying which mechanisms are at work." This is why scientists like Edwards are not yet ready to give up on the current theory. "Milankovitch cycles give us ice ages roughly when we observe them to happen. We can calculate where we are in the cycle and compare it with observation," he says. "I can't see any way of testing [Ehrlich's] idea to see where we are in the temperature oscillation."Ehrlich concedes this. "If there is a way to test this theory on the sun, I can't think of one that is practical," he says. That's because variation over 41,000 to 100,000 years is too gradual to be observed. However, there may be a way to test it in other stars: red dwarfs. Their cores are much smaller than that of the sun, and so Ehrlich believes that the oscillation periods could be short enough to be observed. He has yet to calculate the precise period or the extent of variation in brightness to be expected.Nigel Weiss, a solar physicist at the University of Cambridge, is far from convinced. He describes Ehrlich's claims as "utterly implausible". Ehrlich counters that Weiss's opinion is based on the standard solar model, which fails to take into account the magnetic instabilities that cause the temperature fluctuations.11. The ice ages changed frequency from 100,000 to 41,000 years a million years ago.12. The sole problem that the Milankovitch theory cannot solve is to explain why the ice age frequency should shift from one to another.13. Carbon dioxide can be locked artificially into sea ice to eliminate the greenhouse effect.14. Some scientists are not ready to give up the Milankovitch theory though they haven't figured out which mechanisms amplify the changes in solar heating.15. Both Edwards and Ehrlich believe that there is no practical way to test when the solar temperature oscillation begins and when ends.C. Choose the sentences marked A to E to complete the following passage (10%).________16______.The survey, conducted by the Pew Internet and American Life Project, showed that blog readership has shot up by 58% in the last year._______17________. Despite the explosive growth, more than 60% of online Americans have still never heard of blogs, the survey found._______18_______. Companies such as Google and Microsoft provide users with the tools to publish their own blogs.Reading blogs remains far more popular than writing them, the survey found. Only 7% of the 120 million US adults who use the internet had created a blog or web-based diary. _________19________. Just under one in 10 of the US's internet users read political blogs such as the Daily Kos or Instapundit during the US presidential campaign. Kerry voters were slightly more likely to read them than Bush voters.Blog creators were likely to be young, well-educated, net-savvy males with good incomes and college educations, the survey found. ________20________.A. Getting involved is becoming more popular though, with 12% saying they had posted material or comments on other people's blogs.B. Blogs, or web logs, are online spaces in which people can publish their thoughts, opinions or spread news events in their own words.C. This was also true of the average blog reader, although the survey found there was a greater than average growth in blog readership among women and those in minorities.D. Americans are becoming avid blog readers, with 32 million getting hooked in 2004, according to new research.E. Some of this growth is attributable to political blogs written and read during the US presidential campaign.Part Ⅲ Writing (30%)Write a composition of about 400 words on the following topic.What Difference Does Having Money Make to You?。