Steps to Use/Construct Pugh matrix 皮尤距阵的构成及使用步骤
Method 2方法2 Establish a baseline, which may be one of the alternatives or the current product or service. For each criterion, rate each other alternative in comparison to the baseline, using scores of worse (–1), same (0), or better (+1). Finer rating scales can be used, such as 2, 1, 0, –1, –2 for a five-point scale or 3, 2, 1, 0, –1, –2, –3 for a seven-point scale. Again, be sure that positive numbers reflect desirable ratings. 设定基准线，可以选其中的一个供选方案或是当前的产品/服务做为基准。针对每一个比标准， 把所有供选方案与基准线进行比较，用(-1)代表更差，(0)代表相同，(+1)代表更好，当然还可 以采用一些更好的打分方法，比如用2, 1, 0, –1, –2五个打分点或 3, 2, 1, 0, –1, –2, –3 七个打分点。 再次重申，必须确保正数数字代表你所期望的打分。
Most effective if each member of a design team performs it independently and results are compared. 假如在一个研发团队中每个成员进行独立工作，在对他们的结果进行比较时，您会发 现7种方法是一种最有效的工具。 Comparison of the scores generated gives insight into the best alternatives. 从已给的众多选择是比较出最优的供选方案。
Steps to Use/Construct Pugh matrix 皮尤距阵的构成及使用步骤
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Choose or develop the criteria for comparison. 选择或开发评比标准 Examine customer requirements to do this. 仔细调查客户的要求； Generate a set of engineering requirements and targets. 转化成一套工程要求和目标； Brainstorm the evaluation criteria appropriate to the situation. 根据情形可以用脑力风暴法产生评比标准； Select the Alternatives to be compared. 选择备选方案 Discuss and refine the list of criteria. 讨论并精练评比标准的清单； Identify any criteria that must be included and any that must not be included. 识别哪些评比标准是必须的，哪些不是必须的； Reduce the list of criteria to those that the team believes are most important. Tools such as list reduction and multi-voting ay be useful here. 精简评比标准的清单，至到所有团队成员都认为是非常重要的为止。此时清单精 简和多种投票法是非常有用的工具。
Hongmei Xiang 2012-05-21

This is a method for concept selection using a scoring matrix called the Pugh Matrix. 它是一种利用打分距阵进行思想选择的方法，也叫做皮尤距阵。

It is implemented by establishing an evaluation team, and setting up a matrix of evaluation criteria versus alternative embodiments. 它的做法是成立一个评估团队，设定评估标准，然后对供选项目进行比对。
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Steps to Use/Construct Pugh matrix 皮尤距阵的构成及使用步骤
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Variations on scoring得分差异 Evaluate each choice against the criteria. There are two ways to do this 评估每一个选择与标准的符合性，这里给大家介绍两种方法： Method 1方法1: Establish a rating scale for each criterion. Some options are: 给每个评比标准设定一个评分范围，部分选择如下：


When to Use 何时使用
When a list of options must be narrowed to one choice.
当我们必须从一列选择中选择一个时； When the decision must be made on the basis of several criteria after the list of options has been reduced to a manageable number by list reduction. 当选择清单已精简到可以做到的数量后, 需要根据评估指标从中做 出决定时; Typical situations are: 典型情形: When one improvement opportunity or problem must be selected to work on. 只有一个改善机会/问题需要解决时; When only one solution or problem-solving approach can be implemented.只能实施一种解答/问题解决方法时; When only one new product can be developed. 当只能开发一种新产品时.
Objective 目的

Effective for comparing alternative concepts； 有效的比较备选想法。

Scores concepts relative to one another Iterative evaluation method； 众多想法中相互迭代评估的一种方法
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Steps to Use/Construct Pugh matrix 皮尤距阵的构成及使用步骤
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Generate Scores. 打分 Assign a relative weight to each criterion, based on how important that criterion is to the situation. 依据评比标准与当时情形的重要度，给每个评比标准进行权重打分； Do this by distributing 10 points among the criteria. The assignment can be done by discussion and consensus. 评比标准可以分成10分，具体给几分要通过讨论并取到一致； Or each member can assign weights, then the numbers for each criterion are added for a composite team weighting 或者每个成员给出一个权重，然后把所有分数加起来做为合成团队权重。 Compute the total score 计算总体得分 Draw an L-shaped matrix. 画一个L形状的距阵； Write the criteria and their weights as labels along one edge and the list of options along the other edge. 把评比标准和相应的权重得分写在一边，另一边列出所有的备选方案； Usually, whichever group has fewer items occupies the vertical edge 通常情况下，我们会把项目相对少的放在竖的一边。


Make sure that your rating scales are consistent. 必须确保你的打分范围是固定的。 Word your criteria and set the scales so that the high end of the scale (5 or 3) is always the rating that would tend to make you select that option: most impact on customers, greatest importance, least difficulty, greatest likelihood of success. 表达你的标准并设定打分范围，通常最高打分(5或3)代表你期望看到的方向：最影响客户 最高的重要度，最少的困难，最大的成功可能性等等。

This is the scoring matrix usually associated with the QFD method and is a form of prioritization matrix. 这种评分距阵通常会与QFD方法有联系，也是一个优先次序距阵表。