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第一章 国际商法概上课用

6.关于保护知识产权的公约 1883年《保护工业产权巴黎公约》 1886年《保护文学艺术作品伯尔尼公约》 1891年《商标国际注册马德里协定》国际习惯与国际商业惯例区别
国际商业惯例是指主体经过反复的实 践而逐渐形成的具有约束力的行为规则。 2、效力:
讨论:国家能否作为主体?
与商业组织的区别: 1、成立的目的
国家具有一定的特殊性。国家既是国际条 约的缔结者,又是国际经济活动的参与者与管理。 2、拥有的权利属性
国家由于拥有主权,“平等者之间无管辖 权”,因此当涉及到一个国家与他国的个人、法 人之间的纠纷时,会产生豁免的问题,包括司法 管辖、诉讼程序、强制执行的豁免 绝对豁免理论与有限豁免理论
(三)国内法——世界主要国家的商事立法
1、法国 1807年制定了《法国商法典》
《法国商法典》共四编,648条。第一编通则,分为九章, 包括:商人、商业账簿、公司、商业交易所及票据经纪人、 行纪、买卖、汇票、本票及时效;第二章海商,分为十四 章,包括:船舶、船舶抵押、船舶所有人、船长、海员、 佣船契约、载货证券、租船契约、以船舶为抵押而设定的 借贷、海上保险、海损、货物投弃、时效、拒诉;第三编 破产,分为三章,包括:家资分散、破产、复权;第四编 商事法院,规定了商事法院的设立、管辖范围、诉讼方法 及仲裁程序等内容。 除商法典以外,法国还存在一些商事特别法,例如 1867年的《商事公司法》、1885年的《期货交易法》、 1917年的《工人参加股份公司法》、1919年的《商业登记 法》、1925年的《有限责任公司法》、1942年的《证券交 易所法》、1966年的《公司法》等等。
第二,列举主义,即在立法上对商事的范围予以详 细的列举,如1985年《联合国国际贸易法委员会 国际商事仲裁示范规则》就列明了属于商事的十 六类事项,包括贸易交易、销售协议、商事代理、 租赁、咨询、设计、许可、投资等等。
第三,折衷主义,指综合采用上述两种方法对商事 的范围予以界定,此种方法以日本商法最为典型。
He was later extradited to the US where he was held at an internment camp until the end of the war. All his possessions in Guatemala were confiscated. After his release, he lived out the rest of his life in Liechtenstein.
各国法律上对其并没有明确的定义。法学 中的“商”或“商事”泛指一切以营利为目的的 经营活动的总称。在西方国家有“无业不商”之 说。
2、商事的范围
第一,概括主义,即在立法上对商事的范围作出概 括性的规定,而不予详细列举,如美国《统一商 法典》(Uniform Commercial Code,简称为UCC) 第1-102条就认可“经习惯、惯例和当事人协议 而不断扩大的商业上的做法”。
二、国际商法产生与发展的历史
古希腊、古罗马时期出现了商法规范 (萌芽) ┇
11世纪威尼斯商人习惯法 ┇
16世纪成为国内法一部分 ┇
二战后统一的国际商法形成(蓬勃发展)
(一)起源: 近代意义的商法源于中世纪地中海沿
岸各国的商人习惯法,即商人法。
近代西方商法——lex mercatoria(即 商人法“the law merchant”) ——的基 本概念和制度才得以形成。
第一章 国际商法概述
第一节 国际商法的概念与渊源
一、国际商法(international commercial law)的概念
国际商法是调整国际商事交易(commercial transaction)与商事组织(business organization)各种关系的法律规范 (legal norm)的总和。
nationality. When he tried to return to Guatemala once again in 1943 he was refused entry as an enemy alien since the Guatemalan authorities did not recognize his naturalization and regarded him as still German. It has been suggested that the timing of the event was due to the recent entry of the US and Guatemala into the Second World War.
Nottebohm, born September 16, 1881 in Hamburg, Germany, possessed German citizenship. Although he lived in Guatemala from 1905 until 1943 he never became a citizen of Guatemala. On October 9, 1939, Nottebohm applied to become a naturalized citizen of Liechtenstein. The application was approved under exceptional circumstances and he became a citizen of Liechtenstein. He then returned to Guatemala on his Liechtenstein passport and informed
4.调整国际票据关系的公约
1930年《关于本票和汇票统一法的日内 瓦公约》
1930年《关于统一票据和本票的日内瓦 公约》
1931年《关于支票的日内瓦公约》
1931年《关于解决支票的若干法律冲突 的日内瓦公约》
1987年联合国《关于汇票和本票公约》
5.关于承认与执行外国仲裁裁决的公约 1923年《日内瓦仲裁条款议定书》 1927年《关于执行外国仲裁裁决的公约》 1958年《承认和执行外国仲裁裁决的公约》
中外合资企业间的纠纷
一个住所在北京的中外合资经营企业, 同一个中国公司签订了一份房屋租赁合 同(位于北京),后因房租交付问题发 生争议。
请问:当事人之间的租赁合同是不是涉 外合同?
如果是中外合资经营的双方因租金 的承担发生争议,他们之间的关系是否 属于国际民商事关系?
Case
Nottebohm (Liechtenstein v. Guatemala)
A highly toxic gas was used in the production of the pesticides, and for reasons not determined at the time of the filing of the suit, the gas leaked from the plant in substantial quantities. "Prevailing winds" blew the deadly gas into the overpopulated city adjacent to the plant and into the most densely occupied parts of the city. The deaths attributable to the leaking case were estimated to be in the thousands, and the injuries were estimated to be in the hundreds of thousands. Livestock were killed, crops were damaged, and businesses were interrupted. Following the disaster, the Government of India enacted legislation providing that the Government of India had the exclusive right to represent Indian plaintiffs in India and elsewhere in connection with the tragedy. Instead of filing the claims in India, the Government of India brought suit against Union Carbide in a New York federal court. The suit was dismissed on forum non conveniens grounds.
What is his nationality?
跨国公司TNC or MNC Bhopal case
The "most tragic industrial disaster in history," to use the words of the District Court, occurred in the City of Bhopal, India. It occurred at a plant owned and operated by Union Carbide India, Ltd. (UCIL), which was incorporated in India under Indian law in 1934, although a majority of its stock was owned by Union Carbide, an American corporation. UCIL, which was heavily regulated by the Government of India,
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