2018级高二下期开学考试英语试题第Ⅰ卷第一部分听力（共20小题：每小题1.5分，满分30分）第一节听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1. When will the woman go to San Francisco?A. In June.B. In July.C. In August.2. How many students come to school on foot?A. 10.B. 20.C. 25.3. How much will the man pay?A. $5.B. $8.C. $10.4. Where are the speakers?A. At home.B. At a restaurant.C. In a movie theater.5. What does the man’s mother want him to do?A. Visit her.B. Give her a lift.C. Drop off some mail for her.第二节听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What does the man want the girl to do?A. Go to bed.B. Take a shower.C. Smell herself.7. Why can the girl smell the man?A. He needs a bath.B. He wears perfume.C. His clothes are dirty.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. What does the woman usually do in the morning?A. Watch TV.B. Read online news.C. Read the newspaper.9. How does the woman watch movies most often?A. She rents them.B. She goes to a theater.C. She downloads them.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. Who does the woman want to speak to?A. Mr. Grist.B. Ms. Grist.C. Ms. Jones.11. What will the woman do in the afternoon?A. Go swimming.B. Attend a meeting.C. Shop for some clothes.12. When will the speakers meet?A. At 1:00 this afternoon.B. At 3:00 this afternoon.C. At 3:00 on Thursday.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. What’s the main reason the man won’t fix the printer?A. He has no time.B. He doesn’t know how to fix it.C. He’d prefer to buy a new one.14. Why did the woman have to use the printer at the library?A. It was cheaper.B. She works there.C. The man made their printer worse.15. Who is Jerry?A. A printer salesman.B. The woman’s brother.C. Someone who fixes printers.16. What do the speakers decide to do in the end?A. Ask Jerry to fix their printer.B. Read the instructions again.C. Let Tom have a look at the printer.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. How did Heather learn about surfing?A. From her father.B. From a website.C. From her friend Diego.18. When did Heather buy her first board?A. After her first day.B. After six months.C. A year later.19. At what time of day did Heather see the shark?A. In the morning.B. In the afternoon.C. At night.20. How did Heather feel at the end of the story?A. Scared.B. Free.C. Grateful.第二部分阅读理解（共两节满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项A、B、C和D中，选出最佳选项，并在答读卡上将该项涂黑。
ACan you believe everything that you read? It seems as if every day, some new articles come out about a new discovery about this or that. For example, water is bad for you, or good for you. The answer depends on which scientific study has just come out. People cannot decide which food items are healthy, how pyramids were constructed, and why dinosaurs disappeared. When we look for answers we sometimes can believe persuasive researches and scientists. But how trustworthy are they really? Here are two examples of scientific hoaxes (骗局).As far back as 1726, Johann Beringer was fooled by his fellow scientists into thinking he had made an amazing discovery. The fossils of spiders, lizards, and evenbirds with the name of God written on them in Hebrew were unlike anything that had been found before. He wrote several papers on them and was famous for those only to have it revealed that they were planted by jealous colleagues to ruin his reputation.When an early human being was discovered in 1912, scientists at this time were wild with excitement over the meaning it had for the theory of evolution. There were hundreds of papers about this Piltdown man over the next fifty years until it was finally discovered to be a complex hoax. Th e skull (头骨) of a man had been mixed with the jawbone of an orangutan (猩猩) to make the ape (猿) man.The next time you read the exciting new findings of a study of the best scientist, do not automatically assume that it is true. Even qualified people can get it wrong. Though we certainly should not ignore scientific research, we do need to take it with a grain of salt. Just because it is accepted as the truth today does not mean it will still be trustworthy tomorrow.21．What does the underlined phrase “with a grain of salt” in Paragraph 4 mean?A. Happily.B. DoubtfullyC. Generally.D. Completely.22．What is the reason why Johann Beringer was fooled?A. His colleagues were jealous of him and did so to destroy his fame.B. His fellow scientists wanted to make fun of him.C. His workmates are eager to become famous too.D. These scientists made a mistake because of carelessness.23．The excited scientists thought that this Piltdown man ________.A. was in fact a complex hoaxB. was a great scientific inventionC. had the skull like that of an apeD. contributed to the theory of evolutionBAsmoreandmorepeoplespeakthegloballanguageofEnglish,Chinese,Spanish,andArabic,otherlanguagesarerapidlydisappearing.Infact,halfofthe6,000-7,000languagesspokenaroundtheworldtodaywillbelikelytodieoutbythenextcentury,accordingtheUnitedNationsE ducational,Scientific,andCulturalOrganization(UNESCO).Inanefforttopreventlanguageloss,scholarsfromanumberoforganizations----UNESCO andNationalGeographicamongthem----haveformanyyearsbeendocumentingdyinglanguagesa ndtheculturestheyreflect.MarkTurin,ascientistattheMacmillanCenter,Y aleUniversity,whospecializesinthelan guagesandoraltraditionsoftheHimalayas,isfollowingin thattradition.Hisrecentlypubli shedbook,AGrammarofThangmiandTheirCulture,growsoutofhisexperienceliving,working,a ndraisingafamilyinavillageinNepal.DocumentingtheThangmilanguageandcultureisjustastartingpointforTurin, whoseekstoincludeotherlanguagesandoraltraditionsacrosstheHimalayanreachesofIndia ,Nepal,Bhutan,andChina.Butheisnotcontenttosimplyrecordthesevoicesbeforetheydisapp earwithoutrecord.AttheUniversityofCambridgeTurindiscoveredawealthofimportantmaterials----inclu dingphotographs,films,taperecordings,andfieldnotes----whichhadremainedunstudieda ndwerebadlyinneedofcareandprotection.Now,throughthetwoorganizationsthathehasfounded----theDigitalHimalayaProjectandtheWor ldOralLiteratureProject----Turinhasstartedacampaigntomakesuchdocuments,foundinlib rariesandstoresaroundtheworld,availablenotjusttoschoolsbuttotheyoungergenerations ofcommunitiesfromwhomthematerialswereoriginallycollected.Thankstodigitaltechnolo gyandthewidelyavailableInternet,Turinnotes,theendangeredlanguagescanbesavedandre connectedwithspeechcommunities.24.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribes Turin’s work?A.Write,sellanddonate.B.Record,repairandreward.C.Collect,protectandreconnect.D.Design,experimentandreport.25.Whatdoes“thattradition”inParagraph3referto .A.havingdetailedrecords ofthelanguagesB.writingbooks onlanguageusersC.tellingstoriesaboutlanguagespeakersD.livingwiththenativespeakers26.Whatis Turin’s bookbasedon?A.TheculturalstudiesinIndia.B.Thedocuments availableatY ale.C.HislanguageresearchinBhutan.D.HispersonalexperienceinNepal.27.Manyscholars aremakingefforts to .A.promotegloballanguagesB.rescuedisappearinglanguagesC.searchfor languagescommunitiesD.setuplanguageresearchorganizationsCDespitetheanxietythat Jones’ Host—saidbysometobethefirstdigitalnovel—causedin1993,publishers weren’t tooconc ernedthate-bookswouldonedayreplaceprintedbooks.However,thatattitudewaschangedsud denlyin2007when Amazon’s Kindlecameontothemarket,whichledtoe-booksalesjumpingupto 1,260%.Sincethen,e-books’popularityhascontinuedtorisesteadily.Thepublishingindu stryseemedtohavelostallpossibleabilitytoregainitsposition.Willprintedbooks eventuallybecomeathingofthepast?AccordingtoMikeShatzkin,founderandCEOoftheIdeaLogicalCompany,printedbooksjus tforplainoldreadingwill,in10yearsfromnow,be unusual.“Not sounusualthatakidwillsay ,‘Mommy,what’s that?’butunusualenoughthatonthetrain you’ll seeoneortwopeoplerea dingsomethingprinted,whileeveryoneelseisreadingoffofa tablet.”AndShatzkinbelieve sthatthe demise ofprintissuretohappen,thoughsuchaday won’t arriveforperhaps50to100o rmoreyears.RobertStein,founderoftheInstitutefortheFutureoftheBook,however,believesthatb ookswon’t disappearentirely,atleastnotanytime soon.“Print willexist,butitwillbeina differentfieldandwillappealtoaverylimitedaudience,aspoetrydoestoday.Likewoodblock printing,hand-processedfilmandfolkweaving(编织),printedpagesmayassumeanartistic value,”hesays.Heimaginesthatfutureformsofbooksmightbedevelopednotbytraditionalp ublishersbutbythegamingindustry.Healsopredictsthatthedistinctionbetweenwriterand readerwillbemadelessobviousbyasocialreadingexperienceinwhichauthorsandconsumersc andigitallyinteractwitheachothertodiscussanypassage,sentenceorline.Isthereanythingwerisksacrificing,shouldprintreallydisappearentirely?Accordin gtoMaryanneWolf,directoroftheCenterforReadingandLanguageResearchatTuftsUniversity,electronicreadingcannegativelyaffectthewaythebrainrespondstotext,includingreadi ngcomprehension,focusandtheabilitytomaintainattentiontodetailslikeplotandorderof events.“My worryisthat we’ll haveashort-circuitedreadingbrain,excellentforgatheri nginformationbutnotnecessarilyforformingcritical,analyticaldeep readingskills,”Wo lfsays.Thefield,however,isinanearlystage,andfindingsaboutthenegativeeffectsofe-read ingarefarfromcertain.Inlightofthis,Wolfhopesthatwecontinuetomaintaina“bi-litera te”society—onethatvaluesboththedigitalandprintedword.“A fullreadingbraincircui tisahugecontributiontotheintellectualdevelopmentofourspecies.Anythingthatthreate nsitdeservesour attention.”28.AccordingtoRobertStein,paperbooks willexistbecauseof .A.thedigitalinteractionB.theartisticvalueC. thetraditionaldesignD. thegrowingpopularity29.Theunderlinedword“demise”inParagraph2probablymeans .A.riseB.growthC.deathD.popularity30.ItcanbeconcludedfromthelasttwoparagraphsthatWolfholdsthat .A.e-readingwillstrengthenthepowerofour brainB.digitalbooks andpaperbooks shouldnotco-existC.e-readingwillmakeus morecriticalandthoughtfulD.weshouldnotrisklosingafullreadingbraincircuit31.Howdidpublishersfeelabouttherisinge-booksalesinspiredbytheKindle?A.ExcitedB..Worried.C. Curious.D.Skeptical.DScientists are debating how to limit their newly-discovered power to change genetic structure. Scientists already modify the genes of farm animals and agricultural plants to make them more productive or stronger. But now they can also change genes in wild animals and plants. These genes would continue into later generations. For example, it may be possible for scientists to remove from existence the kind of mosquitoes that carry the Zika virus. They might also be able to permanently remove species of plants and animals that are destructive to other species.In a report published last week, the U. S. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine (NAS) said it supports continued research on this kind ofgene control. But it warned that it is not possible to know what will happen when these changed plants and animals are released into the wild.Sixteen biologists, ethicists(伦理学家) and policymakers are on an NAS committee that is examining the issue. They say that there is value to the new technology. But, they say, there is not enough evidence to support the release of modified organisms (生物体) from the laboratory into nature.Many people would support stopping mosquitoes and rats from carrying diseases. But scientists say we must understand the possible scientific, ethical, legal and social results of such action before we decide whether to take it. Gene modification is spread through reproduction(繁殖).Changed genes will continue to spread as long as an animal or plant continues to reproduce. They cannot be limited to a farm or kept within a country’s borders. Scientists are wondering what may happen if a modified organism mates with another species. They are not yet sure how the modified genes would affect the other species. It is possible that those genes could harm those creatures or even lead to their disappearance from our planet.32．What possible advantage does gene control in wild animals and plants have?A. Making all the species more productive and stronger.B. Changing the Zika virus permanently.C. Removing the destructive species for ever.D. Having changed genes in their next generations.33．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A. Scientists are not sure what exact results gene modification leads to.B. Scientists won’t modify any genes before they make the final decision.C. Gene modification has benefited some farm animals and agricultural plants.D. Scientists have not applied gene modification to wild animals and plants in case of possible danger.34．What can be the best title for the passage?A. Stop research on gene controlB. Power and danger of gene controlC. How to change genetic structureD. Advantages of gene control in wild animals and plants35.As for genetically changed wild animals and plants ,what are scientists worried about?A. Their genes may spread to later generations.B. They may be more productive.C. They may cause damage to their living habitat.D. They may become weaker or die out.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。