机械手外文翻译山东英才学院毕业设计(论文)外文资料翻译机械学院学院机械设计制造及其自动化专业学生姓名班级学号《自动化》2013.1 经验与技术探讨外文出处附件:1.外文资料翻译译文,2.外文原文指导教师评价:1(翻译内容与课题的结合度: ? 优 ? 良 ? 中 ? 差 2(翻译内容的准确、流畅: ? 优 ? 良 ? 中 ? 差 3(专业词汇翻译的准确性: ? 优 ? 良 ? 中 ? 差 4(翻译字符数是否符合规定要求:? 符合 ? 不符合指导教师签名:年月日机械手机械手是近几十年发展起来的一种高科技自动化生产设备。
工业机械手是工业机器人的一个重要分支。
它的特点是可通过编程来完成各种预期的作业任务，在构造和性能上兼有人和机器各自的优点，尤其体现了人的智能和适应性。
机械手作业的准确性和各种环境中完成作业的能力，在国民经济各领域有着广阔的发展前景。
随着工业自动化的发展, 出现了数控加工中心,它在减轻工人的劳动强度的同时, 大大提高了劳动生产率。
但数控加工中常见的上下料工序, 通常仍采用人工操作或传统继电器控制的半自动化装置。
前者费时费工、效率低; 后者因设计复杂, 需较多继电器,接线繁杂, 易受车体振动干扰,而存在可靠性差、故障多、维修困难等问题。
可编程序控制器PLC控制的上下料机械手控制系统动作简便、线路设计合理、具有较强的抗干扰能力, 保证了系统运行的可靠性,降低了维修率, 提高了工作效率。
机械手技术涉及到力学、机械学、电气液压技术、自动控制技术、传感器技术和计算机技术等科学领域，是一门跨学科综合技术。
一、工业机械手的概述机械手是一种能自动化定位控制并可重新编程序以变动的多功能机器，它有多个自由度，可用来搬运物体以完成在各个不同环境中工作。
在工资水平较低的中国，塑料制品行业尽管仍属于劳动力密集型，机械手的使用已经越来越普及。
那些电子和汽车业的欧美跨国公司很早就在它们设在中国的工厂中引进了自动化生产。
但现在的变化是那些分布在工业密集的华南、华东沿海地区的中国本土塑料加工厂也开始对机械手表现出越来越浓厚的兴趣，因为他们要面对工人流失率高，以及为工人交工伤费带来的挑战。
随着我国工业生产的飞跃发展，特别是改革开发以后，自动化程度的迅速提高，实现工件的装卸、转向、输送或操作钎焊、喷枪、扳手等工具进行加工、装配等作业自化，已愈来愈引起我们重视。
机械手是模仿着人手的部分动作，按给定的程序、轨迹和要求实现自动抓取、搬运或操作的自动机械装置。
在现实生活中，你是否会发现这样一个问题。
在机械工厂里，加工零件装料的时候是不是很烦的，劳动生产率不高，生产成本大，有时候还会发生一些人为事故，导致加工者受伤。
想想看用什么可以来代替呢，加工的时候只要有几个人巡视一下，且可以二十四个小时饱和运作，人行吗,回答是肯定的，但是机械手可以来代替它。
生产中应用机械手可以提高生产的自动化水平和劳动生产率;可以减轻劳动强度、保证产品质量、实现安全生产;尤其是在高温、高压、低温、低压、粉尘、易爆、有毒气体和放射性等恶劣的环境中能够代替人进行正常的工作。
想到这里我就很想设计一个机械手，来用于生产实际中。
为什么选着设计机械手用气动来提供动力:气动机械手是指以压缩空气为动力源驱动的机械手。
用气压驱动与其他能源驱动比较有以下优点:1.空气取之不竭，用过之后排入大气，不需要回收和处理，不污染环境。
(环保的概念)2.空气的沾性很小，管路中压力损失也很小(一般气路阻力损失不到油路的千分之一)，便于远距离输送。
3.压缩空气的工作压力较低(一般为4,8公斤/每平方厘米)，因此对动元件的材质和制造精度要求可以降低。
4.与液压传动相比，它的动作和反应都快，这是气动突出的优点之一。
5.空气介质清洁，亦不会变质，管路不易堵塞。
但是也有它美中不足的地方:1.由于空气的可压缩性，致使气动工作的稳定性差，因而造成执行机构运动速度和定为精度不易控制。
2.由于使用气压较低，输出力不可能太大，为了增加输出力，必然使整个气动系统的结构尺寸加大。
用气压驱动与用其他能源驱动比较有以下优点:空气取之不竭，用过之后排入大气，不需回收和处理，不污染环境。
偶然的或少量的泄漏不致对生产发生严重的影响。
空气的粘性很小，管路中压力损失也就很小，便于远距离输送。
压缩空气的工作压力较低，因此对气动元件的材质和制造精度要求可以降低。
一般说来，往复运动推力在1~2吨以下采用气动经济性较好。
与液压传动相比，它的动作和反应都快，这是气动的突出优点之一。
空气介质清洁，亦不会变质，管路不易堵塞。
它可安全地应用在易燃、易爆和粉尘大的场合。
又便于实现过载自动保护.ManipulatorRobot developed in recent decades as high-tech automated production equipment. Industrial robot is an important branch of industrial robots. It features can be programmed to perform tasks in a variety of expectations, in both structure and performance advantages of their own people and machines, in particular, reflects the people's intelligence and adaptability. The accuracy of robot operations and a variety of environments the ability to complete the work in the field of national economy and there are broad prospects for development. With the development of industrial automation, there has been CNC machining center, it is in reducing labor intensity, while greatly improved labor productivity. However, the upper and lower common in CNC machining processes material, usually still use manual or traditional relay-controlled semi-automatic device. The former time-consuming and labor intensive, inefficient; the latter due to design complexity, requiremore relays, wiring complexity, vulnerability to body vibration interference, while the existence of poor reliability, fault more maintenance problems and other issues. Programmable Logic ControllerPLC-controlled robot control system for materials up and down movementis simple, circuit design is reasonable, with a strong anti-jamming capability, ensuring the system's reliability, reduced maintenance rate, and improve work efficiency. Robot technology related to mechanics, mechanics, electrical hydraulic technology, automatic control technology, sensor technology and computer technology and other fields of science,is a cross-disciplinary integrated technology.First, an overview of industrial manipulatorRobot is a kind of positioning control can be automated and can bere-programmed to change in multi-functional machine, which has multiple degrees of freedom can be used to carry an object in order to complete the work in different environments. Low wages in China, plastic products industry, although still a labor-intensive, mechanical hand use has become increasingly popular. Electronics and automotive industries that Europe and the United States multinational companies very early in their factories in China, the introduction of automated production. But nowthe changes are those found in industrial-intensive South China, East China's coastal areas, local plastic processing plants have also emerged in mechanical watches began to become increasingly interested in, because they have to face a high turnover rate of workers, as well asfor the workers to pay work-related injuries fee challenges.With the rapid development of China's industrial production, especially the reform and opening up after the rapid increase in the degree of automation to achieve the workpiece handling, steering, transmission or operation of brazing, spray gun, wrenches and othertools for processing andassembly operations since, which has more and more attracted our attention.Robot is to imitate the manual part of the action, according to a given program, track and requirements for automatic capture, handling or operation of the automatic mechanical devices In real life, you willfind this a problem. In the machine shop, the processing of partsloading time is not annoying, and labor productivity is not high, the cost of production major, and sometimes man-made incidents will occur, resulting in processing were injured. Think about what could replace it with the processing time of a tour as long as there are a few people,and can operate 24 hours saturated human right? The answer is yes, but the robot can come to replace it Production of mechanical hand can increase the automation level of production and labor productivity; can reduce labor intensity, ensuring product quality, to achieve safe production; particularly in the high-temperature, high pressure, low temperature, low pressure, dust, explosive, toxic and radioactive gases such as poor environment can replace the normal working people. Here I would like to think of designing a robot to be used in actual production. Why would a robot designed to provide a pneumatic power: pneumatic robotrefers to the compressed air as power source-driven robot. Withpressure-driven and other energy-driven comparison have the following advantages: 1. Air inexhaustible, used later discharged into the atmosphere, does not require recycling and disposal, do not pollute the environment. (Concept of environmental protection) 2. Air stick is small, the pipeline pressure loss is small (typically less than asphalt gaspath pressure drop of one-thousandth), to facilitate long-distance transport. 3. Compressed air of the working pressure is low (usually 4to 8 kg / per square centimeter), and therefore moving the material components and manufacturing accuracy requirements can be lowered. 4. With the hydraulic transmission, compared to its faster action and reaction, which is one of the advantages pneumatic outstanding. 5. Theair cleaner media, it will not degenerate, not easy to plug the pipeline. But there are also places where it fly in the ointment: 1. As the compressibility of air, resulting in poor aerodynamic stability of the work, resulting in the implementing agencies as the precision of the velocity and not easily controlled. 2. As the use of low atmospheric pressure, the output power can not be too large; in order to increasethe output power is bound to the structure of the entire pneumatic system size increased. With pneumatic drive and compare with otherenergy sources drive has the following advantages: Air inexhaustible, used later discharged into the atmosphere, without recycling and disposal, do not pollute the environment. Accidental or a small amountof leakage would not be a serious impact on production.Viscosity of air is small, the pipeline pressure loss also is very small, easy long-distance transport. The lower working pressure of compressed air, pneumatic components and therefore the material and manufacturing accuracy requirements can be lowered. In general, reciprocating thrust in 1 to 2 tons pneumatic economy is better.Compared with the hydraulic transmission, and its faster action and reaction, which is one of the outstanding merits of pneumatic.Clean air medium, it will not degenerate, not easy to plug the pipeline. It can be safely used in flammable, explosive and the dust big occasions. Also easy to realize automatic overload protection.。