四川师范大学文理学院本科毕业论文Analysis of Family Education Differences between China and America in the film Guasha Treatment 从电影《刮痧》浅析中美家庭教育差异学生姓名牟丽院系名称外国语学院专业名称英语（翻译）班级 2008级 4班学号 200814025416指导教师易佳（讲师）答辩时间 2012年4月27日从电影《刮痧》浅析中美家庭教育差异学生：牟丽指导教师：易佳(讲师)摘要：电影《刮痧》讲述的是一个中国家庭在美国给一个小孩子，丹尼斯使用了刮痧这一传统中医疗法后，发生的一系列事情，由于刮痧这一传统的中医疗法不为美国人所理解和认同，从而给一个中国家庭带来的悲剧故事。

这部电影反映了中美之间，教育的不同和冲突。

本论文以《刮痧》为切入点,剖析中美教育的差异。

作为21世纪的青年人，国家未来的主人，很清楚一个国家的基础是教育。

而家庭教育的方式是会让孩子的一生发生很大改变的。

我国主要是主张封闭式的教育，成绩好是头等大事。

而美国则是开放式的教育方式。

中美家庭教育在教育方式、培养孩子的方式、教育结果等方式都有很大的不同。

当然这也取决于他们的文化背景的差异和传统观念的不同。

总之，有主观原因也有客观原因。

通过比较这两种家庭教育，我希望能取他人之长补己之短，从而促进我国的家庭教育。

关键词：刮痧；中美家庭教育；差异；Analysis of Family Education Differences between China and America in the film Guasha TreatmentAbstract：The film，Guasha Treatment，describes what happened to a Chinese family after they had used the traditional Chinese medical treatment，Guasha，to a little boy, Denies, in the America. It reflects the educational differences and conflicts between China and America. This paper attempts to analyze these differences from the perspective of education, As the young people of 21st century and the masters of the country’s future，we all understand that education is the basis of a country. Home education technology can totally change children’s lives. China go strong on the closed-end education, and good academic achievement is the most important thing，but America adopts the open form of education. China and the United States have many differences in the family education including ways to teaching children and the way to receive education. Of course, this is also decided by their differences in cultural background and traditions of the different concepts. In short, there are not only subjective reasons but also objective reasons. By comparing these two family educations,Ihope to learn other’s experience to make up for our own defects, so as to promote China’s family education.Key words: Guasha;Family between China and America; Differences.ContentsIntroduction (5)PartⅠ Family Education Differences Reflected in the Film (3)1.1 Chinese family education view (3)1.2 American family education view (4)1.3Differennt ways show in family education (5)Part ⅡReasons of Family Education Differences between China and America in the Film Guasha Treatment (7)2.1Difference of historical background (7)2.2 Differences of attitudes to family education (7)2.3Difference of the thinking mode. .............................................................. ..8 Part ⅢInspiration of the American family education to Chinese family education.. (9)3.1 Updating the concept of family education (9)3.2 Paying attention to the children's all-round development (9)3.3 Raising independent thinking ability of children (9)Conclusion (11)Bibliography (12)IntroductionThe story in the Chinese movie GuaSha took place in America. The movie shows us a legal conflict resulted from GuaSha, a Chinese medical treatment or a maltreatment of children. It seems that the story is a misunderstanding or a legal dispute, but actually, it indicates a education conflict between China and America The film GuaSha Treatment tells us a story in America about problems which happened to a Chinese immigration family．Education is a social activity of cultivation and the inheritance of experiences in the daily life. It is a sort of social culture phenomenon which reflects different social cultural implication from different ones. In a sense, cultural transmission is education which is also cultural originally. Family, school and social education are the three main part of the education. But family education should not be replaced by school and social education. When children were born they had been in the atmosphere of family education, Generally speaking it indicates that behaviors of criticism, guidance, cultivation and administration by the parents. It plays an important role not only in modeling values but also cultivate a unique nationalism to our children. For instance, Chinese culture attaches importance to the harmony between human and nature but Americans pay more attention to overcome the nature by them. The family education between China and American exist a significant difference. For example, in the mutual relationship of family members, Chinese parents almost in the dominant position of it but American parents attach more importance to getting along with their kids equally. About the concept of childcare, Chinese parents almost hope their kids can find a good job to be prosperous in the future but American parents lay stress on promoting their kids’ capability of living adaptation. About the ways of education between China and America, Chinese parents are willing to undertake the whole things for giving their kids more time to spend on study but American parents tend to make their children do many practical things all by themselves. The disparity between two countries which results in the living adaptation of Chinese children is inferior to American children. It is meaningful to promote children to grow healthily and enhance their own integral quality if we can good understand and take example by foreign advanced means of education for children. When we treat to others and society, Chinese prose golden mean and harmony but Americans competition and strive for life. Charles Laughton thinks that the methods of education are the choice for a certain social culture. Through the comparison of education between China an America analyses the distinction between two countries in cross-culture communication.In the first part, this paper will give family education differences reflected in the film including Chinese family education view; American family education view; then, this paper will give the performance of family education differences. In the second part, this paper will give reasons of family education differences between Chinese and America in the Film Guasha Treatment in GuaSha including difference of historical background, differences of economic structure, and difference of the thinking mode .So we can know more about family education differences reflected in the film. In the third part, this paper will tell Inspiration of the American family education to Chinese family education including updating the concept of family education, paying attention to the children's all-round development, Raising independent thinking ability of children.PartⅠ Family Education Differences Reflected in the Film 1.1. Chinese family education viewFamily is the foundation of society in China. Family is the fundamental element of Chinese society. Members of a family generally live together or nearby. They help and support one another and respect the elders and parents. They are friendly with other people, but believe strong relationships need time and patience to build to make them solid and long-lasting.China’s education has too much expectation for children, the children were controlled, accused too much, they become weak, they most fear to make mistakes, and they are afraid of failure, so in order to avoid mistakes, they give up the chance to put forward questions, give up learning in failure process. When children grew up, children lost not only creation and power of imagination, but also will probably be afraid of lost, because their knowledge of studying, thinking, logic and reasoning is passive. In today's so fierce competition world, only the strong can get achievement. China’s education system is not to shape a real child, but always to take the children become what they want. Not to give children right to become their own shape, but what others make they become. Interest is very important for both adults and children, and let a man do what he don’t wa nt to do, only the waste of efforts. Respect your child, regard him as an equal man, and they enjoy equal rights to speak, for example, the rights of criticizing and resisting .An obedient child is not necessarily good boy, and he will not necessarily have ambition. China has repeatedly stressed how solid his foundation education is, how bad children in the United States science. But we see the fact that the United States is forever frontier in the world for science and technologyIn China, when children do something wrong, parents will scold and beat children as a punishment. Chinese family education is famous for strictness. There are Chinese old sayings can show the strictness, such as “to feed without teaching is the father’s fault”, spare the rod, “spoil the son”, just as the words Datong’s father said: “to scold and to beat a naughty boy is due to love”. It is also common for parents, especially parents in the rural areas, to leave their children alone at home, Chinese parents are always busy with their jobs or farming, and there is not enough time for them to take care of their children, so they have to leave their children at home. It is not surprising at all in the rural areas to find children lying on the floor with fly flying around them. Nowadays, with the popularization of the television, it is safer and more convenient for parents to leave children at home.Family is the most basic element and carrier in the Chinese culture. Chinese family stresses the love of family and the love of consangui nity. They think that dog doesn’t eat dog, so when the Children Welfare Bureau accuses Datong of child abuse, he thinks it incredible and ridiculous. He says to his wife Jane, A father loves his son. That’s the way where it works. Why do I have to prove my love, make up speeches? What the hell are we doing, Jane? It’s turning upside down. Everything is turning upside down!” However, it is acceptable in America, which is a place pays more attention to the truth and evidence. Filial piety is also a very important virtue in Chinese family. In the movie, Datong lies to the judge that he is the one who does GuaSha to Denis in order to protect his father who is the real one does GuaSha to Denis. He thinks that if he tells the judge it is his father does GuaSha to Denis, he sells his own father out, and then he will not be a filial son. However, Americans will never understand the concept of filial piety in Chinese culture.That kind of filial piety of Chinese people in concept seems to be incredible to the foreigners, to old father, we Chinese people use a heart to repay the parents' love regardless of the return, so that in the most painful moments, Chinese people also can't let father know your own pain and bear the points of pressure. When xu Datong helped his father go upstairs, his wife, JianNing said some meaningful words--because he is Chinese, not only made the boss distressful, also let us have a passionate.When Datong’s father stays at the station, and Jane is at work, Datong has to leave Denis alone at home in order to pick his father home. In USA, it is known that it is illegal to leave children at home.1.2 American family education viewAmerican parents’ duty is to make children truly enjoy their childhood, to sports, to make friends, to go outing, to do things they like to do. American parents never help children tutor homework, they think: if parent is a teacher, what the child’s school teachers do? If a child’s homework is wrong, they also don’t give them the right answer, they can let a child think twice, they think that everybody makes mistakes. No mistakes, how to improve? They lay stress on the children’s self-confidence, never attack child, they never say children are stupid, however, they constantly praise. They also won’t let children sacr ifice weekend time to learn. American parents talk little about kids’ school work. Children's performance is their own things.In America, parents never hit their children for their mistakes. They do not think it will do any help to scold and beat them. It will be more useful to encourage them to stand up again than to scold and beat them, which will only discourage their confidence. And most importantly, it is illegal to beat children. In America, it is also illegal to leave their children alone at home. In the west, after the adult children, parents not to bring up their obligations, and go home to have a meal a points to a hair also calculated clear.In Western countries, children can make easily lots of friends; parents will not be too much interference in it, but friendships don't last long and they change a lot over time. Young adults generally have their own lives and see their parents and families a few times a year, on holidays.1.3 Different ways show in family educationIn GuaSha, Datong’s son Denis hit his friend Kunlun’s son Paul, Datong asks Denis to apologize to Paul, but Denis refuses to say sorry to Paul, then Datong hit Denis on the face in front of the public. In Chinese eye, it is perfectly justified to do so because they think they do t his for children’s good, and to hit children is to love them and to make them become a useful person. Chinese parents is always educating their own children first when they deal with the quarrel or fight among children, while American parents pay attention to the truth. That’s why Datong first asked Denis to apologize to Paul without finding who is wrong or right. However, in America, parents are just the children’s keepers. They can’t go too far scolding their children, let alone beat them. That’s why Datong’s friend Kunlun is startled when he sees Datong hit Denis on the face.There is another typical plot can embody the different family education views of China and America. When Datong’s father stays at the station, and Jane is at work, Datong has to leave Denis alone at home in order to pick his father home. In America, it is known that it is illegal to leave children at home.Chinese people, American people, all the peoples of the world love his family and children, but in xudatong’s and many Chinese hearts, they think families and children are the top of the world. Children, as the continuation of the family blood, are a family's wealth, and father’s private property. The “love” can perform as the stern, separation and even the cheating and hijack. The Oriental love is the responsibility but not just the expression. The love and the responsibility combine children, father and this home as one, just in this point, the Oriental give up the individual dignity and equality, freedom and the right to choose theirown happiness because they think that love is to give. The family is the whole, in order to overall, individual interests can sacrifice.In Chinese culture, physical punishment is commonly used by Chinese family. They think this will help to growing up. But in western society it is absolutely forbidden. Any abusing children were viewed as illegal conduct. As to show respect to friends, Datong Xu punished his own son physically in front of friends. But this was misinterpreted as violence by his foreign friends. This is a misunderstanding in culture between East and West. And it is also the problem of law consciousness, in the United States, if parents beat children, neighbors reported to the relevant agency immediately, because their culture tells them public aid force is the most effective, but China is not the same, if people see parents beating children, ordinary people firstly complain loudly, after all it is household chores, if it was too serious, neighbors sometimes come to mediate, and that means we will usually choose private aid force to solve the problem, of course, which not only show the Chinese law consciousness generally is not high, but also show distrust of public power! This distrust is not only in the theory of western governments, but because China's authorities have no way to win public trust through their actions.Part Ⅱ Reasons of Family Education Differences betweenChina and America in the Film Guasha Treatment2.1 Difference of historical backgroundDuring the second half of the 19th century, the United States was the world's leading economic power. Economic prosperity created the necessary objective conditions and guarantees to education reform and development i n that “Gilded Age”. When a large number of industrialists like Carnegie, Rockefeller and so on became rich, they became a philanthropist. A lot of money was donated to the school for education in the United States. Education of United States gains the advantage. However, even though China's economy is developing rapidly, modern education has just begun to take shape, and just began to spread. Even though there was “Western Learning thought” in the 18th century, it was only a small area.2.2Differences of attitudes to family educationThe United States has a developed commodity economy, an advanced productivity, many employment opportunities, and less survival pressure, and The United States focus on individual ability, the mechanism of choosing a person for a job is perfect and The United States has free movement of labor. There are many opportunities to Change job. Therefore the American has an open outlook of profession and the wide choice of career. In The United States, parents think that as long as the child will be able to survive in society, there is no distinction between high and low rank (of course it must be legitimate）. Therefore, in the United States, the purpose of education for parents focuses on the breeders. The people are more macro and wider, cope with shifting events by sticking to a fundamental principle. But the Chinese population is large, has relatively low levels of productivity ;china has a large gap between the rural and urban areas, and in the vast rural areas, there is still no adequate food and clothing .They are very far away from modern civilization. There is a significant difference between the upper class and Ordinary workers in the city .and not to mention the laid-off workers. These families want to changed their fates; reading is almost the only way. The thought “All low-grade, high reading is the only” deeply occupied these parents brains.So the Chinese parents have 3 steps, the Imperial-popping-rich then it converted to the new track “good results - good work - good income”. Therefore, the educational purposes of Chinese parents is to be able to get into good schools, to have an outstanding academic performance, to obtain a higher degree2.3 Difference of thinking modeThe Americans are rational and United States family respected fundamental principles of rational treatment to family members and Family Affairs. In The United States, parents raise and educate their children, as the duty to the community, and this is beyond the individual position, rather than from the family itself or its own best interest of their parents to look at family education. Since they believe that raising children is a duty, it is not the child-protection for the old, and they do not have an return to their own homes for the elderly who enterer the old folks home (of course, the practices which the Chinese people treat as immoral practices originate in the United States social security mechanisms, and cultural costumes) Chinese people are supreme affection. Family education in China based on the ethical, emotional sense to rule, to deal with family relationships. My parents treat the child as their own private property, and they consider their children's education from a Personal Pension or personal honor face perspective, In every possible sympathy and affection of parents, it implies more intense “exchange gifts” of personal relationship. Thus, it is not difficult to understand why the Chinese parents hope that a son will grow up to be successful and hope the daughter becomes a phoenix. It is often far better than the US, and it is the utilitarian purpose of family education.The reason for the differences between Chinese parents and American parents is that they each have different role orientation. Chinese parents consider their children as their own property. They think the children are affiliated to them. The children can only grow up under their control. Most of the Chinese parents play the role of arranging children’s fate. This kind of relationship is obviously unfair. However, American parents regard their children as free and independent individuals since their children are born. They put their children in an equal position. They pay much attention to the equal communication and respect children’s ideas and needs. In the process of their children’s gr owth, they give them guidance and help.1 Hence, Chinese parents have rights to scold and beat the children when they do something wrong and to leave them alone at home, while it is illegal to do such things in America.Part ⅢInspiration of the American family education to Chinesefamily education3.1Updating the concept of family educationThought decides actions. Improving the quality of family education must update the concept of family education as the Guide. According to a survey, China family education for primary and secondary schools have many problems, such as family child-centric, forcing spoon-fed education, the lifestyle of package everything, or parents spoil their children . Parent’s education is not consistent. But in the United States, family relations between parents and children are harmonically equal to each other. They are not mandatory to asking a child to do something they love to do. As a Result, the Chinese children tend to be rebellious and By contrast American children are relatively obedient. So we should change our thought primarily before our behavior will be changed.For example, in the mutual relationship of family members, Chinese parents almost in the dominant position of it but American parents attach more importance to get along with their kids equally. About the concept of childcare ,Chinese parents almost hope their kids can find a good job to be prosperous in the future but American parents lay stress on promote their kids’ capability of living adaptation. About the ways of education between China and America, Chinese parents willing to undertake the whole things for giving their kids more time to spend on study but American parents tend to make their children do many practical things all by themselves. The disparity between two countries result in the living adaptation of Chinese children is inferior to American children. It is meaningful to promote children to grow healthily and enhance their own integral quality if we can good understand and take example by foreign advanced means of education for children. When we treat to others and society, Chinese prose golden mean and harmony but Americans competition and strive for life.3.2Paying attention to the children's all-round developmentAmerican parents pay more attention to the children’s all-round development. American people are encouraged to develop their own autonomy when they were children. The goal of American family education is to better development for their kids, provide them an optimistic, positive creative and confident environment. Therefore, American parents pay attention tocultivate them to have independent ability and freely development. Furthermore, they also encourage their kids try to do every kinds of new things so that they can be practiced to develop their personal quality. In the eyes of American parents, their kids are person who have independent personality and be equal to their parents. To the evaluation of family education, parents should communicate with their children equally and care for their opinion which will be accepted if it’s reasonable. It can makes an appropriate evaluation for children’s development and helpful to their development of independent personality.By contrast, although Chinese parents encourage children to have comprehensive development on the lips in China, while they can not grasp in real life. Not only the reform of future’s system of education of China should encourage children or improve the all-round development, but also they should take action, make feasible scheme to achieve the all-round development. In order to do it, we should firstly inculcate the idea to Chinese parents.3.3Raising independent thinking ability of childrenAmerican parents always say “no matter how rich you are, you can’t spoil your child” so they encourage children to look for a part-time job. They believe the methods of this can train kids’will power because during this period, the kids can be cultivated an independent thinking which enable them to adapt to the competitive society. So Chinese parents should let their children do what is good for their future.American parents pay much attention to independent thinking ability of children, when children make mistakes, they will not criticize their children or give them the right answers, which are different from the Chinese parents, but encourage them to gain right answers by trying their own efforts. This is worth reference for China. If parents always find right answers for children, in the long run, the children will form one kind of dependency. It is just like the principle of human beings. If parents always pave the way for children, once children faced difficulties or trouble, and parents help them to tackle the problems, it will lead to the situation that children are lack of faith and encourage in facing troubles and difficulties.ConclusionIn summary, there are differences of education concept between China and America, but each kind of them has its own weak points and strong points. Chinese education emphasize inculcate knowledge to children. They should obey to the authority, for example, their parents, teachers, elders. It also paid attention to lengthways cultivation for their children which advocate the cultivation of morality and ethics. American parents pay importance to the application of knowledge of children and encourage children to criticize the authority and knowledge. Different ways of education cultivate different talents. For example, the attitude is strict but conservative when Chinese parents hand with things for Chinese students, Chinese parents hesitate and fear of doing something wrongs which is not helpful to cultivation of creativeness for the children. American students are provided with confidence, self-reliance, and the spirit of innovation, but because they are too relaxed and not self-restraint, which is easily led to a high crime rate of juveniles. In fact, the differences of family education are the reflection of various kinds which also manifest in the concept of values and belief of people between China and America. We all know that Confucianism is treated as moral paragon of Chinese society, but Christianity is the leading ideology of American people. Because of the distinction of culture between China and America .Therefore, family education is a kind of culture which interacts and interpenetrates with each other. To family education, we can find some traits and sources of unique culture of certain nationalities. To the culture, we can also see the trace of traditional concept of education. People who live in a certain culture environment will be cultivated to have a specific concept of education. And different ways of education will bring about different cultures and features to different nationalities. As a result, we need combine the favorable elements of China and America to our education to establish an appropriate education for children’s development which will cultivate more talents who can adapt to the requirement of future international talents market.In the end of the film, we are deligh ted to see breathtaking scene that “Christmas Father”climbs Water pipe. A family of three hold in their arms to enjoy together, why the director choose holidays like Christmas is not only because Datong can have a disguise image, also to explain that the Chinese reunion culture can also appear in the west festival, and this involves the widespread of culture .The value of two countries is not absolutely different. They influence each other, and mutually penetrate.。