四级作文写作类型现象描述型说明文分析原因型对比选择型议论文问题解决型（对策方法型）观点论证型构思过渡过渡开头段扩展段结尾段一、现象描述型Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic The Prevalence of Western Holidays. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:1. 中国传统节日受到冷遇，西方节日日益升温已成为趋势2. 形成这种现象的原因3. 你对这种现象的态度The Prevalence of Western HolidaysIt is noticeable that western holidays are becoming increasingly popular day by day, while Chinese traditional holidays are being somewhat neglected. Old people often complain that Chinese New Year has lost its real meaning. To their astonishment, young people in China who are ignorant about Chinese traditional holidays are crazy about Christmas or Valentine’s Day.There are several possible reasons for this phenomenon. First, western nations, such as the United States and Britain, are powerful and dominant in every aspect. Everything in these countries is assumed to be superior and adored by some modern young people. Second, the prevalence of English as a world language and the development of globalization enable western culture to prevail in China. Overwhelmed by such a trend, Chinese unconsciously get involved in western culture. Last but not least, some Chinese people have blind faith in foreign things while miss our own possessions with contempt.I am critical of this trend. China boasts a brilliant history and splendid traditions. In modern times, Chinese tradition should be preserved and promoted. But it seems that young people no longer treasure the traditions. On the contrary, they turn to pursue enthusiastically a supposedly more modern culture. If this trend is allowed to continue, the priceless heritage of our ancestors will be replaced by western traditions. Nobody expects such a consequence. So let’s join hand in hand to protect Chinese tradition, especially traditional holidays.模板一：①In recent years, ___（现象表现或变化）, in order that ___（出现这一现象的目的）. This phenomenon has aroused heated discussions among the public . ②Some people argue that___（分析这一现象带来的问题）.③In my opinion, ___（个人观点/态度/建议）.Furthermore,___（补充说明看法）. In a word, ___（总结全文）.模板二：①Recently, ___ （提出现象）has been brought to public attention. No one denies that___（进一步阐述现象）.②However, ___(总述该现象带来的问题) can lead to serious consequences. In the first place, ___（问题一）. What's worse, ____（问题二）.③Awareness of the matter in question is one thing, but how to cope with it is another. To solve the problem, ___（解决问题的措施）, through which ___（解决问题的意义）. Only in this way can we___（解决问题）.模板三：①Nowadays, there exist(s)___（事实/现象）. However, the reasons for ___（现象概括)）are varied .② To begin with, ___（原因一）. Moreover, ___（原因二）. In addition, ___（原因三）. Finally, ___（原因四）.③As to me, ____（个人观点）. For one thing, ___（原因一）. For another, ____（原因二）. In brief, ___（得出结论）.二、分析原因型Children’s Schoolbags Are Getting Heavier1.现在学生背上的书包越来越重2.学生学业负担减轻不了的原因3.结论These days we often hear our children groaning under the pressure of an ever-increasing burden of their studies. The schoolbags on their back are getting heavier and heavier, and the hours spent on their assignments longer and longer.Why can't their burden be relieved in spite of social protest? For one thing, parents have a strong desire for the early intellectual achievement of their children. They believe that if you don't force them to read more, a golden opportunity for success and the chances of their being admitted to key schools will be lost, and then to colleges will be slim. So children are under constant pressure to score high, test well, aim first. For another, our teachers ally themselves with parents in applying pressure. Since scores are not only the mark of success or failure for a particular student, but also a measurement of a teacher s performance, it is natural for a teacher to assign more homework for his own sake as well as for his students. Failure to produce students who win first place in school academic examinations is often seen as evidence of bad teaching.To lighten children's academic burden is not easy, but is worth trying, for after all parents and teachers don't want the heavy schoolbags to crush their children.模版1：___（现象）is currently becoming a severe problem in China, which happen to ___（某人）. So long as ___, ___will always unsurprisingly ___.Why does ___（某人某事）become so rampant? First and foremost,___. Secondly,___. Last but not least, ___. As a consequence,___（结果）.模版2：During the last decade, there has been a steady rise in the number of ___（形容某一种形式）.In detail, ___. Three reasons, in my mind, account for this social phenomenon. First and foremost,___. Moreover,___. In addition,___. As a result,___. Personally, I firmly believe that the problem derives from ___(个人观点）. Thus, if the government make relevant policies and takerelevant measure to ___（目的）, the problem can be readily solved in ___（时间等）.模版3：Nowadays,___（现象）is/are doing great harm to ___（某人某事）.What are the incentives that drive people to ____? The most important factors should be ___（观点）. Furthermore,___. It directly leads to the patent and salient harmfulness that ___.Consequently, it is high time that the whole society should contribute to the collective efforts to put an end to___(结果）.三、对比选择型For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay. Suppose you have two options upon graduation: one is to take a job in a company and the other to go to a graduate school. You are to make a choice between the two. Write an essay to explain the reasons for your choice. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.（工作和读研）For undergraduates college students, deciding what to do upon graduation can be a tough decision to say the least. From my point of view, I prefer to launch a business. My choice can be attributed to the following two driving forces.For one thing, I want to start my own business because I love do what I love. In my own business, I will be more than passionate to plan, organize and execute my favorite project . For another thing, running my own business, I can accumulate rich experience, which is not only valuable to problem-solving but also critical to career development. While the risk of failing is real, what is important part is the lesson learned.Actually, when in comes time for university graduates to decide their next step in life, there is no on right or wrong choice for everyone. Rather, each students must reach his or her own conclusion.模板一：①There is a heated debate over ___(某问题或现象）.It is commonly accepted that ___（一种观点）. In contrast, others ___(另一种观点）.②Those who hold the first opinion suggest that____.In their view,___.However,others think___.They argue that ____.③Considering one after another, I stand on the sided of__(观点）.First of all ,__.Furthermore, __.Thirdly, __. Therefore,___（结论）.模板二：① Recently,we may hear quite different opinions___.Mostpeople take it for granted that ___. However,others hold___.（两种观点）② A dominant idea is that ___. They argue that___.③ As to me,I prefer ___（自身观点）On the one hand,___. On the other hand,__.Therefore , ___. In conclusion,___.四、问题解决型Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition of the topic How to Succeed in a Job Interview? You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below.1. 面试在求职中的作用2. 取得面试成功的因素：仪表、举止、谈吐、能力、专业知识、自信、实事求是……With the development of our modern society, the interview is becoming more and more important in job-hunting. So it is of great importance for us to master skills on interview. On the one hand, if a job seeker can leave a good impression on the mind of the interviewer, he may be lucky enough to get the job competed by many applicants. On the other hand, if the job hunter gives a poor performance during the interview, he is unlikely to stand a chance.To be successful in a job interview, we have figured out many ways to make an excellent performance in an interview. First, the applicant ought to pay attention to his appearance and manner of speaking. Second, he is supposed to display his ability. Finally, a really impressive job seeker must convey a sense of self-confidence. In a word, if the interviewee displays these characteristics and presents his most attractive qualities during the interview, the interviewer might make an on-the-spot decision to take him on.To sum up, the job interview is indeed important. It is time for us to pay attention to the skills. Therefore, if the interviewee has made full preparations for it and given a fairly confident and honest performance, his or her success can be ensured.模板一：①There has been a discussion recently about____ . (提出问题) It is true to the present situation that(问题的必要性) For one thing,__. ( 必要性或后果一. ) For another, ___(必要性或后果二)②As is known to all , there are many ways to___.(提出解决问题的方法) First of all,________. (方法一) Furthermore,___(方法二) Last but not least,___(方法三) In brief, ___(总结上文) .③In conclusion,_______. (重申主题) We’ d better___.(进一步强调主题) Accordingly,______________. (总结全文)模板二：① With the development of___.(问题出现的背景) So it is of great importance for us to ___.(提出问题) On the one hand,___. (必要性或后果一) 0n the other hand,___.(必要性二或后果二)② To we have figure out many ways to___.(提出解决问题的方法) First,____.(方法一) Second,____.(方法二)Finally,____.(方法三) In a word,___.(总结上文)③ To sum up,__. (重申主题) It is high time for us to___.(进一步强调主题) Therefore,____.(总结全文)五、观点论证型Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic It Pays to Be Honest. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:1) 当前社会上存在许多不诚实的现象;2)诚实利人利己，做人应该诚实。