英美文化史考试重点简答1英国人的民族特性English character1 Despite traditional as well as present diversity, the English people have their common characteristics conservatism保守and deference顺从. 2The British , and in particular of the English ,is “reserved”内向.3English people are also known for their sense of humor. 4English people are careful with their manners礼仪.2美国人民族特性：American characterThe most striking feature of American character is taking success as a goal. In everyone`s minds ,there is an American Dream. 2 Most Americans have great vigor(活力) and enthusiasm. American have a warmth and friendliness which is less superficial than many foreigners think.3、简述英国英语与美国英语的不同The differences between American English and British English mainly lie in pronunciation, vocabulary, spelling, grammar and usages.4简答乌托邦是什么意思Utopia‘s meaningThe author of Utopia, written in the form of a conversation between More and Hythloday a returned voyager. The name Utopia comes from two Greek words meaning “no place” and was adopted by More as the name of his ideal commonwealth5、名词解释non-verbal communicationNon-verbal communication refers to all kinds of communication other than what is done through language ，including the body language、paralanguages、object language、environmental language。
6、列举感恩节的传统thanksgiving day tradition1 Family reunion and feasting2 Tradition of turkey3@Parades 4@ Football games7、列举万圣节的传统 Halloween tradition1 Bonfires2 Costumes and masks3 Jack-O`-lanterns4 Trick or Treating5 UNICEF8、解释Taboo的意义Taboo refers to some words or actions that are avoided by a particular group of people, or in certain culture for religious or social reasons判断1.In Britain，Parliament comprises the monarch（君主） ,often referred to as the Crown ,the House（议院） of lords（上院） and the House of Commons.（下院）2．George Washington is often referred to as the father of his country, for his central role in the formation of the united3．The United Kingdom of grate Britain and northern Ireland, or UK, is in Northern Europe or western Europe.4.The United State consists of 48 contiguous(相邻) states and the noncontiguous states of Alaska and Hawaii.5 the History of English language：Old English、 Middle English and Modern English6.English is classified as a Germanic language. To be more exact, English belongs to the west Germanic branch of the Indo-European family.7、There are two major political parties in Britain: the Conservative Party and the Labor Party. The former is rather old while the latter is quite young.8.The Labour Party is called the Left and it represents the interests of the middle and lower-middle classes Parties: the Democratic Party (donkey)and the Republican Party(elephant)10.Almost all 50 states have laws that require 12 years of compulsory attendance at school for children in US11.IN UK ,education is divided into :primary（5）、secondary（11），further education and higher education （18）。
12.William Faulkner and his The Sound and the Fury were called the “Lost Generation”翻译As for the relations between human and nature, westerners关于人类与自然的关系，西方人崇尚人与自然的对立。
The American mode of living, for example, is characterized by confrontation with and exploitation of the external world and humanity’s being armed against it.例如，美国人的生活模式的特点是人与外部世界的对立，人类对外部世界的探索及对抗。
The American culture is often referred to as an individualistic culture where individuals subordinate the goal of collectives to the personal goals.美国文化通常被称为个人文化，其中，个人把集体目标排在个人目标之后InAmerica, personal privacy is respected highly and protected by law.在美国，个人隐私被高度尊重并且受法律保护。
Chinese culture is believed to be collectivism-oriented where the basic unit of the society is the family(collective),not the individual.中国文化被认为是有集体主义趋向的，其中社会的基本单位是家庭（集体）,而并非是个人。
Westerners, especially Americans believe in changes, like changes, and respect changes.西方国家的人，特别是美国，相信变化，喜欢变化，尊重变化。
Most British independent schools are privately-funded, but they are also known as “public schools.”大部分的英国独立学院都是私有资金制，但他们也被认为是“公学”。
The principal method of teaching atCambridgecolleges is the supervision.剑桥大学各个学院最重要的教学方式就是导师制。
HarvardUniversityis a private university located inCambridge,Massachusetts, and is a member of the Ivy League.哈弗大学是一所位于剑桥曼切斯特的大学，同时它也是常春藤联盟的成员Founded in 1636 by the colonialMassachusettslegislature, Harvard is the oldest institution of higher learning in theUnited States.哈佛成立于1636年，由殖民时期的马萨诸塞州立法机构建立，它是美国最早的高等教育机构。
Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill was a British politician known chiefly for his leadership of theUnited Kingdomduring World War II.温斯顿丘吉尔李奥纳德·斯宾塞先生是在二战期间主要领导英国的英国政治家William Shakespeare was the greatest English dramatist, widely regarded as the greatest writer of the English language, and as the world’s preeminent dramatist.威廉·莎士比亚是英国著名的戏剧作家，被公认为是英语语言学上最伟大的作家，也是世界上卓越的剧作家。