2019年考研英语一真题完整版SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s )foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonthe ANSWERSHEET.(10points)InCambodia,thechoiceofaspouseisacomplexoneforthey oungmale.Itmayinvolvenotonlyhisparentsandhi sfriends,1thoseoftheyoungwoman,butalsoamatchmaker.Ayoun gmancan 2alikelyspouseonhisownand thenaskhisparentsto3themarriagenegotiations,ortheyo ungman’sparentsmaymakethechoiceofaspouse,givingthechildlit tletosayintheselection. 4,agirlmayvetoth espouseherparentshavechosen.5aspousehasbeenselect ed,eachfamilyinvestigatestheothertomakesure itschildismarrying 6agoodfamily. Thetraditionalweddingisalongandcolorfulaffair.Former lyitlastedthreedays,7bythe1980sitmorec ommonlylastedadayandahalf.Buddhistpriestsofferasho rtsermonand8prayersofblessing.Partsofthece remonyinvolveritualhaircutting,9cottonthreadssoakedinholywateraroundthebride’sandgroom’swrists,and 10acandlearoundacircleofhappilymarriedandrespected couplestoblessthe11.Newlywe dstraditionallymoveinwiththewife’sparentsandmay 12withthemuptoayear, 13theycanbuildanewhousenearby. Divorceislegalandeasyto14,butnotcommon.Divorcedpe rsonsare15withsomedisapproval.Eachspouseretains16propertyheorshe17intothemarriage,andjointly -acquiredpropertyis18equally.Divorcedp ersonsmayremarry,butagenderprejudice19up:Thedivorcedmaledoesn’thaveawaitingperiodbeforehecanremarry20thewoman mustwaittenmonths.1.[A]bywayof[B]onbehalfof[C]aswellas[D]withregardto2.[A]adaptto[B]providefor[C]competewith[D]decideon3.[A]close[B]renew[C]arrange[D]postpone4.[A]Aboveall[B]Intheory[C]Intime[D]Forexample5.[A]Although[B]Lest[C]After[D]Unless6.[A]into[B]within[C]from[D]through7.[A]since[B]but[C]or[D]so8.[A]copy[B]test[C]recite[D]create9.[A]folding[B]piling[C]wrapping[D]tying10.[A]passing[B]lighting[C]hiding[D]serving11.[A]meeting[B]collection[C]association[D]union12.[A]grow[B]part[C]deal[D]live13.[A]whereas[B]until[C]if[D]for14.[A]obtain[B]follow[C]challenge[D]avoid15.[A]isolated[B]persuaded[C]viewed[D]exposed16.[A]whatever[B]however[C]whenever[D]wherever17.[A]changed[B]brought[C]shaped[D]pushed18.[A]withdrawn[B]invested[C]donated[D]divided19.[A]breaks[B]warms[C]shows[D]clears20.[A]sothat[B]while[C]once[D]inthat SectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequest ionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.Marky ouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1France,whichpridesitselfastheglobalinnovatoroffashion ,hasdecideditsfashionindustryhaslostana bsoluterighttodefinephysicalbeautyforwomen.Itslawmakersgavepreliminaryapprovallastweektoalaw thatwouldmakeitacrimetoemployultra-thinmodelsonru nways. Theparliamentalsoagreedtobanwebsitesthat “inciteexcessivethinness”bypromotingextremedieting. Suchmeasureshaveacoupleofupliftingmotives.Theysug gestbeautyshouldnotbedefinedbylooksthatendu pimpingingonhealth.That’sastart.Andthebanonultra-thinmodelsseemstogobeyo ndprotectingmodelsfromstarvingthemselvestode ath —assomehavedone.Ittellsthefashionindustrythatitmustta keresponsibilityforthesignalitsendswomen ,especiallyt eenagegirls,aboutthesocialtape-measuretheymustuset odeterminetheirindividualworth .Thebans,iffullyenforced,wouldsuggesttowomen(andm anymen)thattheyshouldnotletothersbearbiterso ftheirbeauty.Andperhapsfaintly,theyhintthatpeoplesho uldlooktointangiblequalitieslikecharacte randintellectratherthandietingtheirwaytosizezeroorwa sp-waistphysiques.TheFrenchmeasures,however,relytoomuchonseverepun ishmenttochangeaculturethatstillregardsbeaut yasskin-deep—andbone-showing.Underthelaw,usingafashionmodelth atdoesnotmeetagovernment-definedindexofbodym asscouldresultina$85,000fineandsixmonthsinprison. Thefashionindustryknowsithasaninherentprobleminfo cusingonmaterialadornmentandidealizedbodyty pes.InDenmark,theUnitedStates,andafewothercountrie s,itistryingtosetvoluntarystandardsformode lsandfashionimagesthatrelymoreonpeerpressureforenf orcement.IncontrasttoFrance’sactions,Denmark’sfashionindustryagreedlastmonthonrulesandsanctions regardingtheage,health,andothercharacteris ticsofmodels.ThenewlyrevisedDanishFashionEthicalCha rterclearlystates:“Weareawareofandtakeresponsibilityfortheimpactthe fashionindustryhasonbodyideals,especiallyo nyoungpeople.”Thecharter’smaintoolofenforcementistodenyaccessfordesignersan dmodelingagenciestoCopenhagenFashionWeek,whichisrunbytheDanishFashionInstitute.Butingeneralitre liesonaname-and-shamemethodofcompliance . Relyingonethicalpersuasionratherthanlawtoaddressthe misuseofbodyidealsmaybethebeststep.Evenbe tterwouldbetohelpelevatenotionsofbeautybeyondthe materialstandardsofaparticularindustry.21.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whatwouldhappenin France?[A]Physicalbeautywouldberedefined.[B]Newrunwayswouldbeconstructed.[C]Websitesaboutdietingwouldthrive.[D]Thefashionindustrywoulddecline.22.Thephrase“impingingon”(Line2,Para2)isclosestinmeaningto[A]heighteningthevalueof.[B]indicatingthestateof.[C]losingfaithin.[D]doingharmto.23.Whichofthefollowingistrueofthefashionindustry?[A]TheFrenchmeasureshavealreadyfailed.[B]NewstandardsarebeingsetinDenmark.[C]Modelarenolongerunderpeerpressure.[D]Itsinherentproblemsaregettingworse.24.AdesignerismostlikelytoberejectedbyCFWfor[A]settingahighagethresholdformodels.[B]caringtoomuchaboutmodels’character.[C]showinglittleconcernforhealthfactors.[D]pursuingperfectphysicalconditions.25.Whichofthefollowingmaybethebesttitleofthetext?[A]TheGreatThreatstotheFashionIndustry.[B]JustAnotherRoundofStruggleforBeauty.[C]ADilemmafortheStarvingModelsinFrance.[D]AChallengetotheFashionIndustry’sBodyIdeals. Text2 Forthefirsttimeinhistorymorepeopleliveintownsthanint hecountry.InBritainthishashadacuriousresult.WhilepollsshowBritonsrate“thecountryside”alongsidetheroyalfamily,ShakespeareandtheNationalH ealthService(NHS)aswhatmakesthemproudestof theircountry,thishaslimitedpoliticalsupport. AcenturyagoOctaviaHilllaunchedtheNationalTrustnott orescuestylishhousesbuttosave “thebeautyofnaturalplacesforeveryoneforever.”Itwasspecificallytoprovidecitydwellerswithspacesforleisurewheretheycouldexperience “arefreshingair.”Hill’spressurelaterledtothecreationofnationalparksandgree nbelts.Theydon’tmakecountrysideanymore,andeveryyearconcretecons umesmoreofit.Itneedsconstantguardianship. Atthenextelectionnoneofthebigpartiesseemlikelytoend orsethissentiment.TheConservatives’planningreformexplicitlygivesruraldevelopmentpriorit yoverconservation,evenauthorizing“off-plan”buildingwherelocalpeoplemightobject.Theconceptofsu stainabledevelopmenthasbeendefinedasprofit/doc/8a784098854769eae 009581b6bd97f192379bf11.htmlbourlikewisewantstod iscontinuelocalplanningwherecouncilsopposedevelop ment.TheLiberalDemocratsaresilent.OnlyUkip,sensingitschance,hassided withthosepleadingforamoreconsideredappro achtousinggreenland.ItsCampaigntoProtectRuralEngla ndstruckterrorintomanylocalConsecutivepart ies. Thesensibleplacetobuildnewhouses,factoriesandoffices iswherepeopleare,incitiesandtownswhereinfrastructureisinplace.TheLondonagentsStirlingAckroyd recentlyidentifiedenoughsitesforhalfamil lionhousesintheLondonarealone,withnointrusionongre enbet.WhatistrueofLondoniseventruerofthepr ovinces. Theideathat“housingcrisis”equals“concretedmeadows”ispurelobbytalk.Theissueisnottheneedformorehousesb ut,asalways,wheretoputthem.Underlobbypressure,GeorgeOsbornefavoursruralnew-buildagainsturba nrenovationandrenewal.Hefavoursout-of-towns hoppingsitesagainsthighstreets.Thisisnotafreemarketb utabiasedone.Ruraltownsandvillageshavegr ownandwillalwaysgrow.Theydosobestwherebuildingsti ckstotheiredgesandrespectstheircharacter.We donotruinurbanconservationareas.Whyruinruralones? Developmentshouldbeplanned,notletrip.AftertheNeth erlands,BritainisEurope’smostcrowdedcountry.Halfacenturyoftownandcountry planninghasenabledittoretainanenviableruralc oherence,whilestillpermittinglow-densityurbanliving.T hereisnodoubtofthealternative—thecorruptedlandscapesofsouthernPortugal,SpainorIre land.Avoidingthisratherthanpromotingitshouldunitetheleftandrightofthepoliticalspectrum.26.Britain’spublicsentimentaboutthecountryside[A]didn’tstarttilltheShakespeareanage.[B]hasbroughtmuchbenefittotheNHS.[C]isfullybackedbytheroyalfamily.[D]isnotwellreflectedinpolitics.27.AccordingtoParagraph2,theachievementsoftheNati onalTrustarenowbe[A]graduallydestroyed.[B]effectivelyreinforced.[C]largelyovershadowed.[D]properlyprotected.28.WhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromParagraph3 ?[A]Labourisunderattackforopposingdevelopment.[B]TheConservativesmayabandon“off-plan”building.[C]TheLiberalDemocratsarelosingpoliticalinfluence.[D]Ukipmaygainfromitssupportforruralconservation.29.TheauthorholdsthatGeorgeOsborne’spreference[A]highlightshisfirmstandagainstlobbypressure.[B]showshisdisregardforthecharacterofruralareas.[C]stressesthenecessityfeasingthehousingcrisis.[D]revealsastrongprejudiceagainsturbanareas.30.Inthelastparagraph,theauthorshowshisappreciation of\[A]thesizeofpopulationinBritain.[B]thepoliticallifeintoday’sBritain.[C]theenviableurbanlifestyleinBritain.[D]thetown-and-countryplanninginBritain.Text3 “Thereisoneandonlyonesocialresponsibilityofbusiness es,”WroteMiltonFriedman,aNobelprize-winningeconomist, “Thatis,touseitsresourcesandengageinactivitiesdesign edtoincreaseitsprofit”.Butevenifyouacc eptFiredman’spremiseandregardcorporatesocialresponsibility(CSR) policiesaswasteofshareholders’money,thingsmaynotbeabsolutelyclear-cut.Newresearc hsuggesttheCSRmaycreatemonetaryvalueforcom panies-atleastwhentheyareprosecutedforcorruption. ThelargestfirmsinAmericaandBritaintogetherspendmo rethan$15billionayearonCSR,accordingtoanest imatebyEPG,aconsultingfirm.Thiscouldaddvaluetotheir businessesinthreeways.First,consumersmaytakeCSRspendingasa“signal”thatacompany’sproductsareofhighquality.Second,customersmaybewil lingtobuyacompany’sproductsasanindirectwaytodonatetothegoodcausesit helps.Andthird,throughamorediffuse “haloeffect,”wherebyitsgooddeedsearnitgreaterconsiderationfromc onsumersandothers. PreviousstudiesonCSRhavehadtroubledifferentiatingth eseeffectsbecauseconsumerscanbeaffectedby allthree.Arecentstudyattemptstoseparatethembylooki ngatbriberyprosecutionsunderAmerica’sForeignCorruptPracticesAct(FCPA).Itarguesthatsincep rosecutorsdonotconsumeacompany’sproductsaspartoftheirinvestigations,theycouldbeinflu encedonlybythehaloeffect.Thestudyfoundthat,amongprosecutedfirms,thosewitht hemostcomprehensiveCSRprogrammestendedtoget morelenientpenalties.Theiranalysisruledoutthepossibili tythatitwasfirms’politicalinfluence,ratherthantheirCSRstand,thataccoun tedfortheleniency:Companiesthatcontribu tedmoretopoliticalcampaignsdidnotreceivelowerfines.Inall,thestudyconcludesthatwhereasprosecutorsshould onlyevaluateacasebasedonitsmerits,theydos eemtobeinfluencedbyacompany’srecordinCSR.“Weestimatethateithereliminatingasubstantiallabour-rightsconcern,suchaschildlabour,orincrea singcorporategivingbyabout20%resultsinfinesthatgen erallyare40%lowerthanthetypicalpunishmentf orbridingforeignofficials,”saysoneresearcher. Researchersadmitthattheirstudydoesnotanswertheque stionofhowmuchbusinessesoughttospendonCSR.N ordoesitrevealhowmuchcompaniesarebankingontheha loeffect,ratherthantheotherpossiblebenefits,w hentheydecidetheirdo-goodingpolicies.Butatleastthey havedemonstratedthatwhencompaniesgetintot roublewiththelaw,evidenceofgoodcharactercanwinthe malesscostlypunishment.31.TheauthorviewsMiltonFriedman’sstatementaboutCSRwith[A]tolerance[B]skepticism[C]uncertainty[D]approval32.AccordingtoParagraph2,CSRhelpsacompanyby[A]winningtrustfromconsumers.。