作业指导书(一)Task Steering（第一版1nd edition）编制：审核：批准：执行日期：2007年10月20日1．目的Purpose1.1为使钢结构的部件和焊缝采用X射线检测时其全过程的操作规范化，以便获得合格的透照底片，正确反映产品质量。
Standardize the whole process of X-ray inspecting in order to acquire eligible negative reflecting quality of products correctly.2．适用范围Applied scope2.1本规程适用于钢结构中板厚3~40mm的对接焊缝的射线透照检测。
Thisregulations is applied to radial inspecting of butt weld of 3~40mm thickness steel structure plate.3．引用标准Quoted standards3.1ANSI/AWS D1.1(2006) “Structural welding code-steel”（钢结构焊接标准）3.2ASTM/E 747（使用金属线透度计控制射线照相检测质量的方法）3.3ASME SEC .V3.4ASME B31.34．实施步骤Procedure of performance4.1人员的要求Requirements of personnel4.1.1从事射线照相检测的人员，必须掌握射线探伤的基础技术，具有足够的部件和焊缝射线探伤经验，并掌握一定的材料，焊接基础知识。
Theperson who inspect must know basic technology of NDT, basic knowledgeof welding and material but have enough experience.4.1.2探伤人员应由相关部门无损检测考核委员会培训和考核，并持有相关部门无损检测考核委员会认可的RTⅡ级或以上资格证书，才能从事与该等级相应的检验工作。
The person who carries out flaw detecting should betrained and qualified by concerned Non-destructive testing committee andhave certificate of RTⅡor above.4.1.3评片员每年进行视力检查，不得有色盲和色弱，其近距离视力或近距离矫正视力不低于J1/J2. The person who assesses film will check his/hervision acuity every year. N ot allowed to have color blindness and color weakness，Vision of close quarters or vision acuity of corrected should above JI/J2.4.2表面状态Surface condition：焊缝及热影响区的表面质量（包括焊缝余高）应经外观检查合格。
表面的不规则状态在底片上的图像不应掩盖焊缝中的缺陷或与之相混淆，否则应做适当的修整。
The quality of welding line and heat-affected zone (include weld reinforcement) should be inspected by visual. Defects of weld shouldn’t be covered up by image on negative which showing irregular state of surface, otherwise it should be adjusted in some extent.4.3工作安全Working safety：射线探伤工作应符合所有适用的安全规程This regulation should be compliant to all suitable safety rules.。
4.4X射线设备见表1 About equipments of X-ray please see table 14.5射线胶片采用AGFA100X300，增感屏采用pb:0.03前后铅箔屏。
We adopted AGFA100X300 film, pb:0.03 intensifying screen.4.6线型象质计Linetype IQI：象质计是用来检查透照技术和胶片处理质量的，本规程使用的线型象质计的型号和规格应符合AWS D1.1:2006第197页的规定。
线型象质计的选用和要求见图A IQI is for check transilluminating technology and quality of film processing. The type and specification of linetype that used must be suit with regulation in page 197 of AWS D1.1: 2006. About choosing and requirements of IQI please see graph A4.7探伤工艺Workmanship of fault detection：4.7.1X射线拍摄射线照片时，焦点应尽可能对准受检焊缝的长度和宽度中心，射线源—工件距离应不少于在单一平面上曝光的底片总长度，一般采用焦距=600mm。
When taken pictures by X-radial, focus should be on length&width center of weld. Ray source-generally focus=600mm, workpieceshouldn’t be less than total length of exposal negative.4.7.2胶片应有足够长度，所放位置应使焊缝末端自由边以外，至少有13mm的胶片受到射线源的直接照射，胶片的宽度应使焊接接头所有部分均摄入照片，包括热影响区，照片上还应有足够空间容纳线型象质计和胶片识别标记而不影响焊缝及热影响区的范围。
Film should have enoughlength, more than 13mm film is direct irradiated by ray source. It shouldhave enough width to make sure all welding joints are taken into photoincluding heat-affected zone. Photos also should have enough space tocontain line-type IQI and identifying marks without influencing scope ofwelding line and heat-affected zone.4.7.3为减少散射线的影响，应采用/1mm的铅板屏蔽背后散射。
In order toreduce influence of scattered ray we should adopt /1mm leading to screendispersion.4.7.4为检查背后散射，应在暗盒背面贴附一个“B”的铅字标记（B的高度为13mm，厚度 1.6mm），若在较黑背景上出现“B”的较淡影象，说明背后散射防护不够，应予重照。
In order to check dispersion we could attacha letter B on cassette’s back (Height 13mm, thickness 1.6mm), if there is Blight image on dark background it means we should pay attention on dispersion.4.7.5线型象质计应放在射线一侧的工作表面上被检焊缝区的两端（按图1或图2要求）。
Wire type IQI should put both ends of inspected weld on working surface along one side of ray. (Please see graph 1&2)4.7.6定位标记和识别标记Position mark and identifying mark：在每个拍摄位置近处的钢材上放置一个定位标记和识别标记。
Place a position mark and identifying mark on steel material that near everyshooting position4.7.6.1表明焊缝透照部位的铅质定位标记包括中心标记（）和搭接标记（）。
Position mark includes center mark ( ) and lapping mark( )4.7.6.2识别标记Identifying Marks识别标记包括厂方缩写名称（GWS），工程编号，焊缝编号和部位编号，日期；返修透照部位还应有返修标记R1、R2………（注脚1、2………表示返修次数）Identifying marks includes abbreviative name of factory(GWS)，project No.，weld no. and position no.，date；On repairing partmark R1、R2………（footnote 1、2………means repairing times）4.7.6.3标记位置Marking position：上述定位标记和识别标记均需在底片适当位置显示，并离焊缝边缘至少20mm。
Above-mentioned position mark and identifying mark shouldbe shown on proper position of negative and more than 20mm far fromwelding edge.4.7.7黑度Degree of blackness：选择合适的曝光条件使底片有效评定区域内的黑度满足D=2.0~4.0的范围。
底片的灰雾度D0≤0.3。