● a pivotal figure 关键人物pivotaladj 枢纽的、关键的● a premium price 高价premium n 保险金、a 高价的a range of 一系列rang from sth. to sth. (v)abandon 抛弃，放纵，纵欲abandonment nabbreviate 缩写abrasion 磨损abstract 抽象的，概要（n）absurd 荒谬的abundance noneabundant 丰富accelerate 积累access 接触，靠近have access to 能够接触到accessible 可以接触的acclaimed 受欢迎的accommodate 食宿commodity 商品accommodating好客的乐于助人的accommodate (sb.)for the nightan accommodating person 爽快人, 好人accompany vaccordion手风琴accord 和谐、一致accumulate v 堆积cumulus积云accustomed 习惯●acquaintance n 熟悉，熟人quaint a 古怪，新奇的a speaking acquaintance 泛泛之交I have no acquaintance with this book.我不熟悉这本书。
acronym 大写字母缩略词acute 尖锐的，急性的（病）chronic 慢性的●adapt 习惯adopt采纳adaptable 可适应的adaptation 习惯additive n 添加剂/a 附加的addictive上瘾的adept a /n熟练的/老手adjacent 毗邻的adjoining 毗邻的adjust v 调节just“正确”adjustment 调整adobe n 土培房abode 住房adopt v收养，采纳adorn 装饰adornment nadvent n 来到adventurewith the advent of …adverse adj相反的adversely 负面的adversity n 不幸、灾难adversary 对手advocate n/v 支持拥护●aesthetic adj美学的esthetic 感觉的anaesthetic n 麻醉剂ana（无）+a esthetically●affect 影响/ 感动/假装1.He was deeply affected by my words.他听了我的话很受感动。
2.He affected not to hear meaffected 装模作样affiliate with 与。
联合afflict 折磨conflict 冲突inflict 施以，加害affluent a 富有的●aggravating a 一再恶化的aggravate v 加重使恶化gravity n 重力●aggregate v gre在汇总aggregation 汇总agitation 心神不定，鼓动akin to 与。
相近的alchemy n炼金术alder赤杨树algae n 海藻alien n/a 外国的alienate v. 疏远all but 1.几乎+adj =almost 2. +n =all exceptall-inclusive 无所不包的allocate 分配alloy 合金ally 盟军，联盟alternative其他的altitude 高度latitude纬度，自由活动空间longitude经度aluminum 铝●ambience n 气氛The little restaurant has a pleasant ambience●amenable a . 应服从的,会接纳的,肯服从的This case is not amenable to the normal rules这件事经不起常规的检验.amplify 放大ancestor 祖先●annihilate v 消灭The invasion force was annihilated.侵略军被消灭了。
annual a 每年的annually 一年一度的manual n 手册anomaly a 反常的anonymous a匿名的antibiotic n 抗生素●antiquate v 使…古旧antiquated a 陈旧的antiquity n 古代，古代的遗物1.the heroes of antiquity古代英雄2.in remote antiquity 在远古时代3.since antiquity apart from 除了。
之外appeal 吸引，引起注意，上诉appeal to meappealing a 有吸引力的apprentice n 学徒●approach 方式，方法（v/n）an approach to the bridge.aptly adv 适当地●aquatic 水生的aquarium水族馆aquatic animals and plants.水生动植物arc●archaeological a 考古学的archipelago 群岛(以o结尾的一般都是意大利语) architect 建筑●arduous adj. 费劲的, 辛勤的, 险峻的It's an arduous task.arena 角斗场arid 干旱的armor 芳香aromatic 芬芳的array 有顺序的排列●arthritis n 关节炎肝炎artificial 人工的artisan 手工艺人partisan n 党员as a rule 通常as a rule of thumb 大概来说考尝试as far north as 向南远到as such 像这样。
ascend 上升（scend-descend）●ascribe… to 归结于He ascribed his failure to objective conditions.●aspiring 热心的, 积极的, 有抱负的●inspiration 灵感assemble v 集合聚集assembling line组装sembleassert 声称claim alert （都表示人在没有证据的情况下强行认为某事的态度）●associate v 使//发生联系交往1.She associated happiness with having money.2.Don't associate with dishonest boysassorted 混合的assortment 混合物●assume vt. 假定,设想,承担I assumed you can speak French fluently我以为你能讲流利的法语I made a mistake and I will assume responsibility for it●assumption 假设The theory is based on a series of wrong assumptions. assure 保证astonishing 令人震惊的●astute a. 机敏的,狡猾的He is astute in businessat intervals 断断续续的at one session 一下子，一次性的at the cutting edge of 在。
前沿●atomizationattach 附属attached middle school附属中学attachment 附属●attain v. 达到,获得detain拘留The country attained its independence in 1972. attainment n 成就造诣a man of high attainments 有很高造诣的人attire n 服装穿上去很累attribute toauditorium 大讲堂auger 螺丝钻●aurora 黎明的女神, 极光auroral light 北极光automated 自动化的available可获得的prevail 到处流行aviation 航空aviator 飞行员avocational 非职业的vocational 副业的，爱好的awareness 意识aware of the dangerYouth glided past without our awareness awkwardly 笨拙的Bbackdrop 背景=backgroundballet 芭蕾●balmy 温和的（气候）●barb 倒刺Barbed wire 倒刺的铁丝barge 驳船tug boat拖船bark n. 树皮, 吠声barn 谷仓barren 贫瘠的aridbarrier 障碍●barter n/v 以物易物barter economy. 物物交换经济barter rice for textiles 用大米换取纺织品We bartered for furs with tobacco and rubber.我们用烟草和橡胶换取毛皮。
basement 地下室basin 盆，盆地be characterized by 以。
为特征be taken by 被替换●be up to 轮到I'm afraid my tennis won't be up to your standard It is up to you 轮到beak 喙beam 大梁（木结构）●bequest n 遗产遗赠He left bequests of money to all his friends.●besiege v 围困siege 围攻She was besieged by problems.●bestow vt. 给予, 安放Time spent in study is well bestowedbias 偏见alias n 别名bitterness 苦涩bizarre adj.奇异的(指态度,容貌,款式等pizza （古怪的批萨）●blanket n.毯子vt.覆盖The traveler wrapped himself with a blanket. 旅行者用毯子把自己裹上blast 一阵（风、热浪）blast of the volcano blazing adj.炽烧的, 闪耀的, 强烈的ablaze adj.adv.着火的, 激动的, 闪耀的bleak 荒凉的leak 漏●blend 融合blend milk with waterblessing 祈求block v 阻挡阻止blocks 建筑模块blossom 鲜花绽放blues n 抑郁布鲁斯音乐I am in the blues today.●bluff n 断崖v 诈骗deceive delude trickblunt 钝的，呆板的bolster n.垫子v.支持boom 迅速发展baby boomboon 恩惠，恩赐有利的东西boost 存进增加bootboring 无聊的，厌倦的boundary 便捷bow n.弓, 乐弓, 弓形, 鞠躬, 船首v.鞠躬, 弯腰breach n 破裂, 裂口break= vt.打破, 突破break all ties withbreeze 微风brilliance 辉煌的color humanbriny 咸的saltybriskness n 轻快，活泼lovely brittle 易碎的bronze 青铜bubble n 泡沫a soap bubble.肥皂泡buckle 扣buckle upbuggy 两轮轻型马车bug臭虫building block n.(儿童游戏用的)积木●bulk 体积/ 大多数the bulk of the studentbundle 捆burdensome 有压力的●burgeon 茁壮成长surgenonbust 半身像statue 雕塑bustle喧闹hustle and bustle 熙熙攘攘by a factor of 翻。