状语从句【用法讲解】
考试要求:
状语从句概念:
用一个句子(从句)来作另一个句子(主句)的状语,用作状语的句子就叫作状语从句。
作什么样的状语就叫什么类型的状语从句。
引导状语从句的连接词是从属连词,状语从句可以在句首,也可以在句尾。
中考主要考查状语从句的类型有:
时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句、条件状语从句及比较状语从句等。
1.时间状语从句:
时间状语从句在主句中表示时间,常用连接词有:when(当……时),while(当……时),as(当……时),before(在……之前),after(在……之后),since(自从),not…until(直到……才),assoonas(一……就),once (一旦……就)等。
例如:
I didn’t go to bed until I finished my homework.我直到做完作业才去睡觉。
I can listen to the radio while I work.我可以边听收音机边工作。
(1)时间状语从句中,大凡要用大凡现在时代替大凡将来时,大凡过去时代替过去将来时。
例如:
I will telephone you when he comes.他来时,我会给你打电话。
I’ll stay here until you come back.我会呆在这里,直到你回来。
(2) when引导时间状语从句,表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时或先后发生,从句的谓语可以是延续性动词,也可以是瞬间动词。
例如:
He was working when I went in.我进去时他正在工作。
Whensheheardthenews,shebegantocry.她听到这个消息,她哭了起来。
(3)while引导的状语从句中常用延续性动词或表示状态的动词,意思是“在……期间”。
while还可以表示两者之间的对比关系。
They rushed in while we were singing.我们唱歌时,他们冲进来。
I like playing football, while Tom likes listening to music.我喜欢踢足球,而汤姆喜欢听音乐。
(4)as引导状语从句,强调同时发生,不分先后。
可以译成“随着”或“一边……一边”。
例如:John sings as he walks home.约翰一边往家走一边唱歌。
(5) since引导状语从句,主句常用现在完成时,从句常用大凡过去时。
We have been friends since we met in Beijing.
自从我们在北京遇到就一直是朋友。
It has been six years since she left school.
自从她毕业已经有六年了。
(6)until/till引导时间状语从句,当主句的谓语动词是瞬间动词时,主句常用否定形式,not…
until意思为“直到……才”。
He didn’t go to bed until he finished his homework.他直到做完作业才睡觉。
2.地点状语从句:
地点状语从句在主句中表示地点。
其连接词有where(哪里),wherever (无论哪里)等。
Put it where you find it.把它放在原来的地方。
You can sit wherever you like.你喜欢坐在哪里就坐在哪里。
3.原因状语从句:
原因状语从句在主句中表示原因或者理由。
其连接词有:because(因为),as(因为),since(既然)等。
例如:
I often eat carrots because they are good for my health.
我经常吃胡萝卜是因为对我的身体有好处。
As I don’t know the way, I had to ask the policeman.
由于我不知道路,所以我不得不问警察。
(1) because表示因果关系语气最强,常用来回答why提出的问题。
I didn’t tell them because they were too young.
我没有告诉他们,因为他们太小。
(2) because和so不能同在一个句子里。
Because the book was expensive, I didn’t buy it. (I前不用so)
4.结果状语从句:
结果状语从句在主句中表示结果。
其连接词有:so…that…(如此……以至于……),such…that…(如此……以至于……)等。
例如:
It’s such a good chance that you can’t miss it.这次机会如此好,你不能失去它。
so…that和such…that都可以引导结果状语从句,注意so和such后面所接的词例外。
(1) such... that
such+a(an)+形容词+单数可数名词+that从句
such+形容词+复数名词/不可数名词+that从句
例如:
He was such an honest man that he was praised by the teacher.他非常厚道,因而受到了老师的表扬。
They are such interesting novels that I want to read them once again.这些小说非常风趣,我想再读一遍。
(2)但是如果名词前由many、much、few、little(少)等词修饰,则用so。
例如:
He had so many falls that he was black and blue all over.
他摔了很多跤,以至于全身上下青一块,紫一块的。
(3) so ... that
so+形容词/副词.+that从句
so+形容词+a(an)+单数可数名词+that从句
例如:
He runs so fast that nobody can catch up with him.
他跑得非常快,没人能追上他。
Dr. Wang is so good that everybody loves and respects him.
=He is so good a doctor that everybody loves and respects him.=He is such a good doctor that everybody loves and respects him.他是一位好医生,大家都尊敬并爱戴他。
5.目的状语从句:
目的状语从句在主句中表示目的。
其连接词有:so(以便),so that(为了),inorderthat(为了)等,从句中多用情态动词can,will,may, should等。
例如:
He got up very early so that he could catch the first train.他起床很早以便于赶第一班火车。
I will run slowly so that you can catch up with me.
我慢慢跑以便你能赶上我。
6.条件状语从句:
条件状语从句在主句中表示条件。
其连接词有:if(如果),unless(如果不,除非),as long as(只要)等。
例如:If it is fine tomorrow, we will go swimming.
如果明天天气好的话我们去游泳。
注意:
在条件状语从句中,大凡要用大凡现在时代替大凡将来时,大凡过去时代替过去将来时。
例如:
Unlessitrains,thegamewillbeplayed.(=Ifitdoesn’train,thegamewill be played.)如果不下雨,比赛就将进行。
As long as you tell truth , I’ll try to help you.
只要你说出真相,我就尽力帮助你。
7.让步状语从句:
常由though/although(虽然),evenif/though(即使)等引导,但
though/although不能和but同时出现在一个句子里。
例如:
Thoughit’shardwork,Ienjoyit.(=It’shardwork,butIenjoyit.)尽管这是一件艰辛的工作,但我乐意做。
Though/Although it was raining,we went there.
虽然下着雨,但我们还是去了那儿。
She won’t leave the TV set even though /even if supper’s on the table.即使晚饭已摆在桌上,她也不愿意离开电视机。