Unit 4 SharingPeriod 4 Grammar 教案I. Teaching aims:1. To learn the kinds of Atributive Clause.2. To learn the usage of who, whose; whom; which; that; how; when; why等。

3.Do some practice.II.ProceduresStep1. Find 5 sentences used attributive clauses from the text:1. I’ve included some photos which will help you picture the places Italk about.2. The boys who had never come across anything like this beforestarted jumping out of windows.3. Sometimes l wonder how relevant chemistry is to thesestudents，most of whom will be going back to their villages after Year 84. But last weekend another teacher, Jenny, and I did visit a villagewhich is the home of one of the boys, Tombe.5.When we arrived at the village, Tombe’s mother, Kiak, who hadbeen pulling weeds in the garden, started crying “Leee, leee”.Step2. What is attributive clause?在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。

被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。

引导定语从句的关系代词有：which, that, who, whom, whose. 引导英语从句的关系副词有;_____ where,when, how, why。

注：1. 介词提前时一般只用which和whom。

2. whose+名词=the+名词+of which/ of whom定语从句分类定语从句The Restrictive Attributive Clause限制性定语从句The Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause非限制性定语从句限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句得区别:限定性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成部分，主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开。

引导词：关系代词和关系副词，作宾语时一些关系代词可以省略非限定性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明，没有这种从句不影响主句意思完整.一般用逗号把主句和从句分开。

引导词：who, whom, whose, which, of which, when, where等，不用that,不能省略Step3.关系词的用法：(一）关系代词的用法：1、作主语用who, which和that, 如：He is the man who/that lives next door.The train which/that has just left is for Shenzhen.2、作宾语用whom, who, which, that, 如：The man (whom/who/that) we have just seen is a famous writer. Where is the book (which/that) I bought last week?注：在非正式文体中，关系代词作宾语时，用于指人的who whom, that 和用于指物的which和that通常可以省略；但在介词提前时,或在非限定性定语从句中，关系代词即使作宾语也不可省略。

3、作定语用whose, 如：(a) He is the man whose car was stolen last week.(b) It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize at that time. 注：“whose +名词中心词”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语（如上a 句），又能作宾语（如上b句）。

whose 的先行词常用来指人，但有时也可以用来指具体事物或抽象概念，这时可以与of which结构互换，词序是：“名词+of which”，如：They came to a house whose back wall had broken down. (= the back wall of which)He’s written a book the name of which I’ve completely forgotten. (= whose name)4、作表语只用that ，它既可以指人，也可以指物，但时常省略。

He is no longer the man that he used to be.This is no longer the dirty place (that) it used to be.难点:as引导限定性定语从句，指代被the same, such, as, so 等修饰的名词Don’t talk about such things as you don’t understand.We’re facing the same problems as we did years ago.It is as pleasant a film as I have ever seen.Here is so big a stone as no one can lift.比较：Here is so big a stone that no one can lift it.（结果状语从句）宜用that引导的定语从句1）序数词或最高级形容词修饰先行词时，要用that。

The first English novel that I read was A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens.2)all, everything, nothing, something, anything 等不定代词作先行词时用that。

Everything that we saw in the factory greatly interested us.3)人和物合作先行词时，要用that。

We were talking about the persons and things that we remembered in our school.4)先行词前有the only, the very, the right, the same等修饰时，要用that。

It is the very skirt that suits me well.5) 在疑问词who、which、what开头的句子中，要用thatWhoever that is content with a little progress can’t make big achievements.6) 关系代词在定语从句中作表语只用thatHe is no longer the man that he used to be.This is no longer the dirty place (that) it used to be.宜用which引导的定语从句1)当定语从句的介词提前时，要用which。

The house in which they lived last year has been rebuilt.2)引导非限制性定语从句时，要用which。

He bought a railway ticket for the woman, which helped her a lot.宜用as引导的定语从句1)先行词与such, the same连用或先行词本身就是the same, such时，要用as。

Such people as you describe are rare nowadays.Would you like to buy the same pen as I have?2) 代替整个句子，在从句中作主语，而从句位于句首时，要用as。

As is well known, the earth goes around the sun.宜用who引导的定语从句:当先行词是人称代词或是those, anyone等时，常用who。

He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.Those who were either fools or unfit for their offices could not see the cloth.Step4（二）关系副词的用法：1、when 指时间，在从句中作时间状语，它的先行词通常有：time, day, morning, night, week, year 等。

如：I still remember the time when I first became a college student.Do you know the date when Lincoln was born?注：when时常可以省略，特别是在某些句型和某些时间状语中。

例如：Each time he came, he did his best to help us.But help never stopped coming from the day she fell ill.2、where指地点，在从句中作地点状语。

它的先行词通常有：place, spot, street, house, room, city, town, country等，如：This is the hotel where they are staying.I forget the house where the Smiths lived.注：where有时也可以省略。

如：This is the place (where) we met yesterday.3、why指原因或理由，它的先行词只有reason。

That is the reason why he is leaving so soon.注：why时常也可以省略。