毕设附件：外文文献原文+译文文献出处作者：Russell D期刊：World Review of Intermodal Transportation Research第3卷，第1期，151-160原文The study on the development pattern of port logisticsRussell DAbstractWorld port logistics development mode of port management and port logistics operation mode, among them, the port management mode is the foundation, is the essence of the port logistics operation model constraint. With the port development course, the world of port management mode is gradually changing. At present, the management mode of typical ports in the world are mainly represented by the Hong Kong port of private enterprise management mode and represented by Singapore's port of the common management mode, etc. This paper probes into the world, summarized the typical port logistics development mode analysis, provide enlightenment for the development of port logistics.Keywords: Port logistics; Operate pattern; Port management1 Port management pattern1.1 Private enterprise management patternPrivate enterprise management mode refers to the investment in infrastructure construction and port management is carried out by private enterprise management mode. Completely by the private management of ports in the world is not much, more representative is Hong Kong port. Almost all the port of Hong Kong port facilities built by private investment and management, the container terminal completely follow the policy of free port. In kwai chung port, for example, the terminal of 19 container berth respectively by hutchison whampoa, the United States marines, Hyundai and Cosco (with hutchison whampoa, the joint venture) four companies management, port of the private enterprise business rarely by government intervention, amarket-oriented, completely independent pricing. Private management pattern is the main characteristic of management market, high efficiency, but because the private enterprise capital scale and the capital required for port investment operation scale, there is a huge gap, therefore this model will be restricted to a certain extent port of long-term investment and planning and development.1.2 Common management patternIn the common management mode, the port is invested and managed by the government, state-owned enterprises, and private enterprises jointly. This model is not only the world's most common mode of port management, is also the government and state enterprises management mode port development direction and trend of the reform. This trend is also known as port of commercialization or privatization, the main characteristic is to break the single port by the state or government management mode, to minimize the government directly participate in the management of port operation, the Singapore port management belongs to the pattern. Singapore port after the port management system reform, the original port authority is divided into Singapore bureau of shipping and port and Singapore port group. Shipping and port bureau mainly deal with port and shipping regulation and technical problems, it is mainly undertake the port investment, operation and management functions. To Singapore port privatization reform brought great benefit, not only to enhance the enterprise staff's service consciousness, and thus reduce the operation cost and improve the operation efficiency, and increase the enterprise overseas investment, further consolidate the Singapore port in the advantage position in the international shipping.2 Operation pattern analyses of port logisticsIn the context of port management model, after long-term exploration and practice, in the world at present has formed four typical port logistics operation mode, including the landlord type logistics center mode, joint venture type logistics center model and independent model of logistics center and supply chain model and joint logistics center.2.1 The port of Rotterdam logistics operation modeLandlord type logistics center model is created by the port of Rotterdam and development, so also called Rotterdam port logistics operation mode. In this mode, the port authority has a lot of management autonomy and the land use right, is united by the port area of terminal facilities, industrial land management, and other facilities. Usually by the port authority took out part of the warehouse and yard into the public port logistics center, but its only responsible for the management and provides the infrastructure and supporting services, itself does not directly participate in the management of logistics center. When after the completion of the logistics center by the port authority is the key to choose business solid foundation and good reputation logistics business practice, gradually absorb the industrial and commercial enterprises to join the logistics center, make raw material procurement, distribution and other functions to a logistics center is responsible for, to participate in the supply chain management. Type landlord port logistics operation mode of logistics center represents a direction of the port logistics development in the world, in addition to the port of Rotterdam, currently in the United States New York/New Jersey port, port of Baltimore, Germany's Hamburg's seaport and the French port of Marseille and other world famous ports adopt this model.2.2 The Antwerp port logistics operation modeJoint venture type logistics center is a joint venture of port logistics center, the pattern by creating and development of the port of Antwerp, also called to Antwerp port logistics operation mode. This model is based on ports, several water and land transport enterprises, joint or in the form of share-holding system of modern logistics center, as loading and unloading, and the unity of warehousing, transportation, distribution, information processing, to carry out a dragon, door to door, to the comprehensive service. The advantage of this model is on the one hand can solve the port the plight of lack of funds, on the other hand, through cooperation with domestic and foreign advanced logistics enterprises, faster to understand and grasp the international operation and management technology of modern logistics center and works.2.3 Port of Hong Kong logistics operation modeIndependent model of logistics center model namely by the port enterprises to establish specialized logistics center, make use of the port facilities, manpower and upstream and downstream business relationship to develop logistics business. This kind of development model by the creation and development of Hong Kong port, so also is called Hong Kong port logistics transport. As a model, it pays attention to establish communication between the port and port, port and port pipes, usually in port for the join point, establish enterprise, city, regional and even national modern logistics service network system, from a single section in loading and unloading, transport and warehousing services, to the raw materials and finished goods to the change of the whole logistics service consumption, and at the same time by strengthening port freight forwarders and ship generation service function, establish perfect service network can provide one-stop service. In addition, the current in the vigorously developing network logistics center, Hong Kong, namely through the logistics information network, to carry out the electronic commerce, and developed into electronic logistics center, the formation of offshore trading and remote logistics. In addition, given the close to port development of logistics facilities, the Hong Kong port and shipping board on how to strengthen Hong Kong as a global and regional research on the preferred transport and logistics hub in Asia, the rear at the airport or port planning and construction "value-added logistics park". Value-added Logistics Park provides not only the general warehousing services, and provides all kinds of logistics value-added services; time must be accurate cargo handling services and e-business services.2.4 Singapore port logistics operation modeType of supply chain logistics center model is composed of port logistics enterprises together with the shipping logistics enterprises logistics center, take advantage of each in different parts of the supply chain, division of labor cooperation, joint investment of close logistics group or by the same big shipping and logistics operation of group companies two supply chain. Joint logistics center model is by port and bonded area, or jointly with the city to form a logistics center to conduct business. The pattern created by the Singapore port and development, so also called Singaporeport logistics operation mode.3 Revelation3.1 Port management attaches great importance to and reasonable planning modelPort logistics is an important content of modern port development, its development has experienced from traditional logistics to integrated logistics and supply chain logistics distribution logistics, several stages of development. Port logistics development is based on the development of the port is a port with the infrastructure as well as the operation and management mechanism as the background, so the port will directly affect the development of port development. And port management pattern for the operational efficiency of the port logistics has a great influence to the development of the direct relationship between the ports, which will greatly influence the development of port logistics. This from Singapore port and the development of the Japanese ports can be a good proof. At the same time, through the implementation of free port policy, the construction of large professional logistics center and a variety of preferential measures to attract multinational companies in the construction of port logistics or distribution center, etc., create convenient conditions for the development of port logistics environment, has become a hub for international logistics. By several common management mode can make the government's power of port control combined with private enterprise management ability efficiently, balance social interests and private economy, overcome the public of the public sector and private enterprise management shortcomings and limitations, in recent years, quite a few national port management mode is actively to various common management mode, namely the trend of port privatization.3.2 Give full play to the government's macro guidance and coordinationIn the development of port logistics, the government plays an important role. The development of modern port logistics needs the government and enterprises to cooperate with each other and work together. This is port management mode with the world gradually to the government, state-owned enterprises and private enterprises of various common management mode development trend, and represented by Rotterdam, Singapore etc., the world's major ports logistics operation mode isconsistent. Throughout a typical port the development of modern logistics, noting have is not the government's planning, investment and favorable policies and measures on the basis of development, even though very few in the world such as the Hong Kong international big port of the completely by the private enterprise management, the government also set up the port development council, is responsible for the planning and development of the port. Therefore, the government in the process of the development of port logistics must give full play to its overall planners and the role of the regulators.3.3 Carefully study the target of modern port logistics developmentFrom the port of Hong Kong, Singapore and other international port, modern port logistics gradually in the development towards the direction of the comprehensive and integrated. Among them, the Omni-directional mainly reflected in the port logistics centers around the owners to provide various kinds of value-added services, including various financial and insurance services, to provide the goods at the port, shipping and other transport in the process of the best logistics solutions, provide the fair inspection, as well as catering leisure entertainment, retail services and so on.译文港口物流发展模式研究Russell D摘要世界港口物流发展模式由港口管理模式和港口物流运作模式构成，其中，港口管理模式是基础，是港口物流运作模式的根本制约因素。